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ENTEROBACTERIACIAE - SALMONELLA INFECTION to Flashcards

1
Q

One of the most common forms of food poisoning.

A

Gastroenteritis

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2
Q

Gastroenteritis is commonly caused by

A

S. enterica subsp. Enterica that comes from animals

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3
Q

The Salmonella serotype Typhimurium outbreak in the U.S. in 2009 came from __

A

contaminated peanut butter crackers.

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4
Q

Gastroenteritis sources of infection

A

Poultry products, milk, and handling of pets.

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5
Q

Gastroenteritis mode of dessimenation

A

Contaminated kitchen utensils

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6
Q

symptoms of gastroenteritis

A

Nausea, vomiting, fever and chills, watery diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

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7
Q

Febrile disease that develops from eating contaminated food prepared by infected individuals or carriers and direct transmission through fomites is also possible

A

Enteric fever ( Typhoid fever)

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8
Q

Enteric fever ( Typhoid fever) source of infection

A

Human carriers, contaminated food, and water

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9
Q

Enteric fever causes of outbreaks

A

Improper sewage disposal, poor sanitation, and lack of clean water source.

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10
Q

enteric fever symptoms

A

Malaise, anorexia, myalgia, and severe frontal headache

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11
Q

enteric fever complications

A

Necrosis in the gallbladder ( necrotizing cholecystitis) and Peyer’s patches

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12
Q

the hallmark of enteric fever infection

A

Appearance of “rose spots” during the second week of fever

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13
Q

The site of long term carriage for enteric fever

A

gallbladder

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14
Q

Occurs with or without extraintestinal infection that is caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella species.

Characterized by prolonged fever and intermittent bacteremia.

A

Bacteremia

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15
Q

Bacteremia causative agents

A

Salmonella serotype Typhimurium, Salmonella serotype Paratyphi, and Salmonella serotype Choleraesius.

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16
Q

The carriers of Salmonella excrete the organisms along with their feces and thus cause ___

A

“ accidental” contamination of food and water.

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17
Q

salmonella carriers can be treated by ___ if the gallbladder infection is not evident.

A

antimicrobial therapy

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18
Q

Isolation of Salmonella from culture plates is significant and specific for

A

diagnosis of thypoid fever

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19
Q

Specimens for Salmonella Identification

A

Blood – first week of infection
Stool – second to third week of infection
Urine – third week of infection

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20
Q

serological test for typhoid fever and detects for antibodies against the specific O and H antigens of S. typhi

A

Widal’s test-

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21
Q

Closely related to Escherichia.
Not member of the indigenous GI microbiota
Non-motile, intracellular pathogens that multiply within the cells of the intestinal epithelium

A

Shigella

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22
Q

disease of shigella and most species can cause bacillary dysentery

A

shigellosis

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23
Q

shigella reservoir

A

humans

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24
Q

shigella Modes of transmission

A

Flies, fingers, food, and feces ( four F’s) and water from infected persons (fecal-oral route)

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25
Q

shigella species

A

S.dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei

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26
Q

shigella most virulent specie

A

S. dysenteriae

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27
Q

one of the causes of gay bowel syndrome

A

S. flexneri

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28
Q

shigella serogroups

A

A (S.dysenteriae), B (S.flexneri), C ( S. boydii), and D ( S. sonnei)

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29
Q

shigella antigenic structure

A

Somatic O

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30
Q

shigella culture

A

MAC – clear, fragile, and colorless (NLF)
SSA – colorless, without black centers

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31
Q

shigella IMViC reaction

A

v + - -

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32
Q

shigella TSIA reaction

A

K/A, (-) gas, (-) H2S

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33
Q

Shigella vs. E.coli

A

Shigella - NLF, Indole(-), non-motile
E. coli - LF, Indole(+), motile

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34
Q

Biochemical Characteristics of Shigella species:

A
  • All species do not produce gas from glucose except for S. flexneri
    • All species are mannitol fermenters except for S. dysenteriae.
  • All species do not decarboxylate lysine
  • All species do not decarboxylase ornithine, except for S. sonnei
  • S. sonnei is a late lactose fermenter and has a positive reaction with the ONPG (O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside)
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35
Q

All shigella species do not produce gas from glucose except for

A

S. flexneri

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36
Q

All shigella species are mannitol fermenters except for

A

S. dysenteriae

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37
Q

All shigella species do not decarboxylate lysine

A

YES THEY DO NOT HAHAHAH

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38
Q

All shigella species do not decarboxylase ornithine, except for

A

S. sonnei

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39
Q

shigella specie that is a late lactose fermenter and has a positive reaction with the ONPG (O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside)

A

S. sonnei

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40
Q

Shigella dysenteriae is also known as

A

Shiga bacillus

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41
Q

Most virulent of the species and causes bacillary dysentery

A

Shigella dysenteriae (Shiga bacillus)

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42
Q

Shigella dysenteriae virulent factor

A

Shiga toxin

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43
Q

Shigella dysenteriae is urease

A

negative

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44
Q

Shigella dysenteriae IMViC reaction

A

v + - -

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45
Q

Shigella dysenteriae TSIA reaction

A

K/A, (-) gas, (-) H2S

46
Q

Infection is self-limiting, and usually characterized by fever and watery diarrhea ( stool without blood)

Has one serotype as opposed to the other species which have several serotypes.

A

Shigella sonnei (Sonne Duval bacillus)

47
Q

causes Gay bowel syndrome

A

Shigella flexneri (Strong’s bacillus)

48
Q

known also as Boyd’s bacillus

A

Shigella boydii

49
Q

Shigella species are sensitive to ____
and aside from stool specimens, _____ can also be used for isolation.

A

pH changes ; rectal swabs

50
Q
  • Infection that is commonly caused by S. dysenteriae type 1
  • Acute inflammatory colitis and bloody diarrhea ( blood, mucus, and WBC’s in the stool).

Highly communicable because of low infective dose that is required to produce the disease ( < 200 bacilli)

A

Bacillary Dysentery

51
Q

In young children, rectal prolapse occurs due to the ___

A

excessive straining.

52
Q

bacillary desentery source of infection

A

human carriers

53
Q

bacillary desentery mode of transmission

A

Person to person contact, fecal-oral route, 4F’s, and contaminated water from infected persons

54
Q

bacillary desentery symptoms

A

Fever, chills, abdominal cramps, painful bowel movement.

55
Q

bacillary dysentery complications

A

Ileus (obstruction of intestine), seizure and haemolytic-uremic syndrome.

56
Q

Also known as ‘Plague bacillus”

Class A bioterrorism agent

Not part of GIT microbiota and non-motile enterobacterium

Only enterobacterium that is transmitted to human through the bite of an infected flea.

Causative agent of Plague (black death)

Reservoir are the rats.

non-motile.

A

Yersinia pestis

57
Q

Yersinia pestis can be isolated in _____ and grows best at ____ deg. cent

A

culture media ; 25 to 30 degree centigrade

58
Q

yersinia pestis vector

A

Xenopsylla cheopis (Oriental rat flea)

59
Q

Yersinia pestis virulence factors

A

Endotoxin, coagulase, and fibrinolysin.

60
Q

yersinia pestis microscopy

A

Short, plumprod with a bipolar body or a “ closed safety pin appearance”

61
Q

yersinia pestis culture

A

MAC
BAP
BROTH

62
Q

in this culture, yersinia pestis appears clear and colorless (NLF)

A

MAC

63
Q

in this culture, yersinia pestis is pinpoint at 24 hours and “Fried Egg” or “Hammered copper” apperance in older cultures

A

BAP

64
Q

in this culture, yersinia pestis has “stalactite-shaped” pattern

A

Broth

65
Q

yesinia pestis IMViC reaction

A

– + - -

66
Q

yersinia pestis TSIA reaction

A

K/A, (-) gas, (-) H2S

67
Q

Disease of the rodents that is caused by Yersinia pestis and is transmitted to humans through the flea bites.

Humans may acquire by ingestion of contaminated animal tissues and inhalation of contaminated airborne droplets.

Once inside the human body, tha bacteria multiply in the blood and lymph.

A

plague

68
Q

3 forms of plague

A

Bubonic
Pulmonary/Pneumonic
Septicemic

69
Q

results from the bite of an infected flea. Associated with high fever and painful inflammatory swelling of the axilla and groin; bacteria infiltrate the lymph nodes.

A

Bubonic plague

70
Q

Acquired by close contact with infected individuals. Occurs secondarily to bubonic plague.

A

Pulmonary/pneumonic plague

71
Q

This form of plague is a result of plague bacteria entering the bloodstream.Tissue bleeding and death may cause the dying tissues to appear black.

A

Septicemic plague

72
Q

Most commonly isolated species of Yersinia

Causative agent of enterocolitis or waterborne gastroenteritis.

Isolated from contaminated packed RBC units, thus considered as a blood transfusion hazard.

Has the ability to survive in cold temperatures.

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

73
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica is motile in SIM at

A

22 deg.cent.but not at 35 deg.cent.

74
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica modes of acquisition

A

Ingestion of undercooked food and dairy products and handling of pets.

75
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica reservoir

A

swines, dogs, cats, rabbits and cows.

76
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica related infections

A

Appendicitis like syndrome, arthritis, and erythema nodosum.

77
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica selective medium

A

Cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar

78
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica microscopy

A

Coccobacilli with bipolar bodies.

79
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica culture

A

MAC - clear and colorless
CIN

80
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica in CIN culture

A

exhibits a “bulls-eye” appearance or dark red or burgundy centers with transparent borders at 48 hours of incubation.

81
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica IMViC reaction

A

v + - -

82
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica TSIA reaction

A

K/A, (-) gas, (-) H2S

83
Q

Pathogens of the rodents, particularly guinea pigs.

A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

84
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is motile in SIM at ___ deg,cent but not at ___ deg

A

18 - 25 deg.cent but not at 35 deg

85
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mode of acquisition

A

Direct contact with infected animals or their feces, and ingestion of contaminated food and water.

86
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis reservoir

A

farm and domestic animals, usually birds

87
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis culture

A

MAC - clear and colorless

88
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis biochemical test

A

Urease (+) and rhamnose fermentation

89
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis TSIA reaction

A

K/A, (-) gas, (-) H2S

90
Q
  • Only species in the genus Plesiomonas
  • Not part of human microbiota
    -Causes secretory diarrhea
A

Plesiomonas shigelloides

91
Q

Cross-agglutinates with Shigella, hence called _____

A

shigelloides

92
Q

Only oxidase-positive member of the enterobacteriaceae.

Motility is attributed to its polar flagella

Associated with HIV-positive individuals with inflammatory bowel disease.

A

Plesiomonas shigelloides

93
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides mode of acquisition

A

Ingestion of undercooked seafoods, and contaminated water.

94
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides Vibriostatic test O/129

A

Sensitive

95
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides culture

A

MAC
BAP
Inositol-brilliant green-bile salt agar
HEA
TCBS
Media with NaCl

96
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides on mac appears

A

clear and colorless and some strains will not grow on MAC

97
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides on BAP appears

A

shiny, opaque and non-hemolytic

98
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides on inositol-brilliant green-bile salt agar exhbits

A

exhibit white or green to pink color for other enterics.

99
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides on HEA exhibit

A

growth

100
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides on TCBS culture

A

do not exhibit growth

101
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides on media with NaCl

A

do not exhibit growth

102
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides is positive on the ff.

A

oxidase
decarboxylase
inositol fermentation

103
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides TSIA reaction

A

K/A, (-) gas, (-) H2S

104
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides antigenic structure

A

O and H antigens

105
Q

Species have been isolated from cold-blooded and warm blooded animals.

A

Edwardsiella

106
Q

Edwardsiella specie that is human pathogen

A

E. tarda

107
Q

Edwardsiella culture

A

MAC - clear and colorless

108
Q

Edwardsiella is urease

A

negative

109
Q

Edwardsiella is LDC test

A

positive

110
Q

Edwardsiella IMViC reaction

A

+ + - -

111
Q

Edwardsiella TSIA reaction

A

K/A, (+) gas, (+) H2S

mt (54 decks)

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