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sterilization and disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

Destruction and removal of all forms of microbial life, including endospores

A

sterilization

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2
Q

Usually done by steam under pressure or a sterilizing gas such as ethylene oxide.

A

sterilization

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3
Q

Sufficient heat treatment to kill endospores of Clostridium botulinum in canned foods.

More resistant endospores of thermophilic bavteria may survive, but they will not
germinate and grow under normal storage condition.

A

commercial sterilization

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4
Q

endospore of ___ in canned good

A

clostridium botulinum

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5
Q

Destruction of vegetative pathogens.

May make use of physical or chemical methods

A

disinfection

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6
Q

Destruction of vegetative state pathogens on living tissues.

Treatment is always by chemical antimicrobials.

A

antisepsis

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7
Q

Removal of microbes from a limited area such as the skin around the injection site.

Mostly a mechanical removal by an alcohol-soaked swab.

A

degerming

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8
Q

Treatment intended to lower microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils to
safe public health levels.

Maybe done with a high temperature washing or by dipping into a chemical
disinfectant.

A

sanitation

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9
Q

Bacterial population die at a constant rate when heated or treated with
antimicrobial agents.

A

rate of microbial growth

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10
Q

Factors affecting the effectiveness of
antimicrobial treatments:

A

The number of microbes

Environmental influences

Time of exposure

Microbial characteristics

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11
Q

kills microorganism primarily by coagulation of proteins
(denaturation), which caused by breakage of the hydrogen bonds that hold the
protein.

A

moist heat

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12
Q

kills vegetative bacterial and fungal pathogens and
almost all viruses within 10 minutes, less effective on endospores.

A

Boiling or flowing steam

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13
Q

preferred use of Boiling or flowing steam

A

Dishes, basins, pitchers, various equipments

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14
Q

mechanism of action of boiling or flowing steam

A

Protein denaturation

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15
Q

very effective method of sterilization, at about 15 psi
(121 degC), all vegetative cells and their endospores are killed in about 15
mins.

A

autoclaving

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16
Q

autoclaving is used in

A

Microbiological media, solutions, linens, utensils, dressings,
equipment, and other items that can withstand temperature and pressure.

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17
Q

mechanism of action in autoclaving

A

protein denaturation

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18
Q

the use of mild heating which is sufficient to kill the
microorganisms that can cause spoilage problem without really damaging the
taste of the product.

A

pasteurization

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19
Q

at what degree is the heat treatment for milk

A

Heat treatment for milk (72 degC for about 15 secs) kills all pathogens and
most non-pathogens

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20
Q

pasteurization is used in

A

Milk, cream, and certain alcoholic beverages (beer and wine)

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21
Q

MOA of pasteurization

A

protein denaturation

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22
Q

kills by oxidation effect

A

dry heat

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23
Q

Very effective method of sterilization

A

direct flaming

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24
Q

direct flaming is used in

A

inoculating loops

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25
Q

MOA of direct flaming

A

Burning contaminants to ashes

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26
Q

very effective method of sterilization

A

incineration

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27
Q

incineration is used in

A

Paper cups, contaminated dressings, animal carcasses, bags and wipes.

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28
Q

MOA of incineration

A

burning to ashes

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29
Q

very effective method of sterilization but requires temp.at 170 degC for
about 2 hours.

A

Hot-air sterilization

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30
Q

Hot-air sterilization is used in

A

Empty glasswares, instruments, needles and glass syringes.

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31
Q

MOA of hot-air sterilization

A

oxidation

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32
Q

the passage of a liquid or gas through a screen like materials
with pores small enough to retain microbes.

A

filtration

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33
Q

filtration is used in

A

Sterilizing liquids (enzymes, vaccines) that are destroyed by heat

34
Q

MOA of filtration

A

Separation of bacteria from suspending liquid

35
Q

Has a bacteriostatic effect

A

refrigeration

36
Q

ref.. is used in

A

Food, drug and culture preservation

37
Q

MOA of ref..

A

Decreased chemical reactions and
possible changes in protein.

38
Q

an effective method for preserving microbial cultures, in which cultures are
quick-frozen

A

deep-freezing

39
Q

cultures are
quick-frozen between

A

-50 degC and 95 degC

40
Q

deep-freezing is used in

A

Food, drug and culture preservation

41
Q

MOA of deep-freezing

A

Decreased chemical reactions and possible changes in protein.

42
Q

Most effective method for long term preservation of microbial culture

Water removed by high vacuum at low temp.

A

Lyophilization

43
Q

Lyophilization is used in

A

Food, drug and culture preservation

44
Q

MOA of Lyophilization

A

Decreased chemical reactions and possible changes in protein.

45
Q

Preservation of colors, nutrient values

A

high pressure

46
Q

high pressure is used in

A

fruit juices

47
Q

high pressure MOA

A

Alteration of molecular structure of proteins and
carbohydrates.

48
Q

Involves removing of water from microbes; primarily
bacteriostatic

A

desiccation

49
Q

desiccation is used

A

food preservation

50
Q

MOA of dessication

A

Disruption of metabolism

51
Q

Results in loss of water from microbial cells

A

osmotic pressure

52
Q

osmotic pressure is used in

A

food preservation

53
Q

MOA of osmotic pressure

A

Plasmolysis

54
Q

kills microorganism

A

radiation

55
Q

2 ways of killing microorganism thru radiation

A

ionizing and non-ionizing

56
Q

Not widespread in routine sterilization

A

Ionizing (gamma rays or high enery electron)

57
Q

ionizing use:

A

Sterilizing pharmaceuticals and medical and dental supplies

58
Q

MOA of ionizing

A

Destruction of DNA

59
Q

radiation not very penetrating

A

non-ionizing

60
Q

non-ionizing is used in

A

Control of closed environment with UV lamp

61
Q

principles of effective disinfection

A

read the label
nature of material being disinfected
disinfectant effect

62
Q

chemical substances that applied to non-living objects or surfaces to
inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

A

disinfectant

63
Q

prevent the spreading of germs and bacteria to people by sterilizing the surfaces
where they are applied and they are largely used in homes for cleaning bathrooms, kitchens and floor.

A

disinfectant

64
Q

disinfectant used in healthcares

A

hydrogen peroxide

65
Q

common disinfectant

A

alcohols, oxidizing agents and bleaches.

66
Q

chemical agents used to destroy or prevent the growth of microorganisms
that could cause infections and diseases.

A

antiseptic

67
Q

applied on broken skins to kill disease-causing microorganisms that might have infected the area or keep them away from these areas and are applied on living tissues with zero injurious effect on the body surface where it is
applied.

A

antiseptics

68
Q

may also act as sanitizer for cleaning hands to remove bacteria when a person
cannot wash hands.

A

antiseptics

69
Q

Applied on non-living items
Inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the
surfaces
Disinfect areas that can spread germs
Very toxic and injurious when used on living
tissue

A

disinfectant

70
Q

Applied on living tissues
Kill and destroy microorganisms on living
tissue
Reduce the risk of infections by germs.
Have no injurious effect on living tissue.

A

antiseptics

71
Q

Used in: Original surgical antiseptic.

Mechanism of Action: Denatures proteins and disrupt cell membrane

A

phenol (carbolic acid)

72
Q

Used in: Disinfectants, antiseptics and solvent in tincture

Mechanism of Action: Denatures proteins and disrupt cell membrane

A

alcohol

73
Q

Used in: Disinfectants, antiseptics and water purification

Mechanism of Action: Denatures proteins and disrupt cell membrane

A

Halogen (iodine, chlorine, bromine)

74
Q

Used in: Disinfectants, antiseptics for deep wound , water purification and
sterilization of food processing and medical equipments.

Mechanism of Action: Denature protein by oxidation

A

Oxidizing Agents (peroxides,ozone)

75
Q

Mechanism of Action: Decrease surface tension of water and disrupt cell
membranes

Used in: Soaps, degerming reagents, antiseptics

A

surfactants

76
Q

Used in: Fungistat in paints, silver nitrate cream, surgical dressing, burn cream and
catheter.

Mechanism of Action: Denature protein

A

Heavy Metals (arsenic, mercury, silver copper)

77
Q

Used in: Disinfectan and embalming fluid

Mechanism of Action: Denature protein

A

Aldehydes (Formaldehyde,glutaraldehyde)

78
Q

Used in: Sterilization of heat and water sensitive objects

Mechanism of Action: Denature protein

A

Gaseous analytes (ethylene oxide)

79
Q

Used in: Disinfectants and treatment of infectious diseases

Mechanism of Action: Act against cell wall, cell membranes, protein
synthesis and DNA replication.

A

antimicrobials

80
Q

Actions of microbial control agents

A

Alteration of membrane permeability
Damage to protein and nucleic acids

mt (54 decks)

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