SEROUS FLUID

Question 1

Fluid between the membrane’s w/c provides lubrication as the surfaces move against each other.

Answer 1

serous fluid

Question 2

serous fluid is formed as ________

Answer 2

ultrafiltrate of plasma

Question 3

function of serous fluid

Answer 3

Provides lubrication as the surfaces move
against each other

Question 4

source of serous fluid

Answer 4

Ultrafiltrate of plasma; fills organ cavities

Question 5

normal appearance of serous fluid

Answer 5

clear and pale yellow

Question 6

Closed cavities

Answer 6

PLEURAL, PERICARDIAL, PERITONEAL

Question 7

PLEURAL, PERICARDIAL, PERITONEAL are lined by 2 membranes known as serous membranes

Answer 7

Parietal Membrane
Visceral Membrane

Question 8

lines the cavity wall

Answer 8

Parietal Membrane

Question 9

cover the organs w/in the cavity EFFUSION

Answer 9

Visceral Membrane

Question 10

an increase in fluid between the membranes
due to disruption of the mechanisms of serous fluid formation & reabsorption.

Answer 10

EFFUSION

Question 11

causes of effusions

Answer 11

increase hydrostatic pressure
decrease oncotic pressure
increase capillary permeability
lymphatic obstruction

Question 12

increase hydrostatic pressure =

Answer 12

congestive failure

Question 13

decrease oncotic pressure =

Answer 13

hypoproteinemia

Question 14

increase capillary permeability =

Answer 14

inflammation and infection

Question 15

lymphatic obstruction =

Answer 15

tumor

Question 16

usual amount by needle aspiration (serous fluid)

Answer 16

100 mL

Question 17

procedure/collection for pleural (ser.f)

Answer 17

thoracentesis

Question 18

procedure/collection for pericardial (ser.f)

Answer 18

pericardiocentesis

Question 19

procedure/collection for peritoneal (ser.f)

Answer 19

paracentesis

Question 20

tube used for cell counts & differential count in ser.f

Answer 20

EDTA tube

Question 21

for chemical serologic, microbial & cytologic analysis (syn.f)

Answer 21

Heparinized (green-top evacuated tubes)

Question 22

Specimens for pH must be maintained ______ in _____.

Answer 22

anaerobically ; ICE

Question 23

Chemical exams on serous fluids are compared with _____

Answer 23

plasma.

Question 24

normal color of syn.f

Answer 24

clear pale yellow

Question 25

turbid appearance of syn.f =

Answer 25

microbial infection (TB)

Question 26

bloody appearance of syn.f =

Answer 26

hemothorax, hemorrhagic effusion

Question 27

milky appearance of syn.f =

Answer 27

Chylous material from thoracic duct leakage

Question 28

PSEUDOCHYLOUS form ________

Answer 28

chronic inflammation

Question 29

Form because of a systemic disorder that disrupts the balance in the regulation of fluid filtration & reabsorption.

Answer 29

Transudates

Question 30

Testing the transudates is not usually (necessary or unnecessary).

Answer 30

necessary

Question 31

Produced by conditions that directly involve the membranes of the particular cavity, including infections & malignancies.

Answer 31

EXUDATES

Question 32

Obtained from the pleural cavity, located bet. the parietal pleural membrane lining the chest wall & the visceral pleural membrane covering the lungs.

Answer 32

Pleural Fluid

Question 33

Pleural Fluid is obtained from the _______, located bet. the ______ lining the chest wall & the ______ covering the lungs.

Answer 33

pleural cavity ; parietal pleural membrane ; visceral pleural membrane

Question 34

Pleural fluid cholesterol & fluid-to-serum cholesterol ratio ____ or _______

Answer 34

>60mg/dL ↓ or >0.3 ↓

Question 35

pleural fluid is an (exudate or transudate?)

Answer 35

exudate

Question 36

Neutrophils in pleural fluid is =

Answer 36

pneumonia, pancreatitis, pulmonary infection

Question 37

Lymphocytes in pleural fluid is =

Answer 37

TB, viral inf., autoimmune disorders, malignancy

Question 38

if this cell has a normal & reactive forms therefore it dont have a clin. Sig.

Answer 38

Mesothelial Cells

Question 39

_______ are associated with TB

Answer 39

mesothelial cells

Question 40

plasma cells in pleural fluid =

Answer 40

TB

Question 41

Malignant cells in pleural fluid =

Answer 41

primary adenocarcinoma & small-cell carcinoma, metabolic carcinoma

Question 42

low glucose level in pleural fluid is seen in

Answer 42

are seen w/ Rheumatoid inflammation & purulent infections

Question 43

in pleural fluid, if pH is lower than 7.3 it may indicate ...

Answer 43

may indicate the need for chest-tube drainage, in addition to administration of antibiotics in cases of pneumonia

Question 44

increased amylase in pleural fluid is associated with

Answer 44

pancreatitis, esophageal rupture & malignancy

Question 45

MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED W/ PLEURAL EFFUSIONS:

Answer 45

 Staph. Aureus  Enterobacteriaciae  Anaerobes  Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 46

in pericardial fluid, about _____ of fluid is normally found bet. the _______ serous membranes

Answer 46

10-50 ml ; pericardial

Question 47

______ are primarily the result of changes in the permeability of the membranes due to infection (pericardial fluid)

Answer 47

Effusion

Question 48

increased neutron is indicative of

Answer 48

bacterial endocarditis

Question 49

metastatic lung or breast carcinoma

Answer 49

Malignant cells

Question 50

Determines exudates or transudates

Answer 50

 Fluid-to-serum protein  Lactic dehydrogenase ratio

Question 51

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity & the fluid is referred to as ascitic fluid

Answer 51

Ascites

Question 52

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity & the fluid is referred to as _________

Answer 52

ascitic fluid

Question 53

are frequent causes of ascitic transudates

Answer 53

cirrhosis

Question 54

bacterial infection, is a result of intestinal perforation or a ruptured appendix & malignancy are the most frequent causes of exudative fluids.

Answer 54

Peritonitis

Question 55

a sensitive test for the detection of intra- abdominal bleeding in blunt trauma cases (RBC count = <100,000/ul) (using normal saline)

Answer 55

Peritoneal lavage

Question 56

results of the _____ count are used to aid in determining the need for ______

Answer 56

RBC ; surgery