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mt > AUBF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID > Flashcards

AUBF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID Flashcards

1
Q

a clear, colorless fluid which is chiefly dialysate from the blood (a plasma ultra- filtrate).

A

csf

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2
Q

csf is similar to serum but..

A

differs in its concentration of the major constituents.

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3
Q

csf differs from plasma as..

A

many of the crystalloids in the CSF are of different concentrations.

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4
Q

high level csf crystalloids

A

sodium and chloride

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5
Q

low level csf crystalloids

A

potassium, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulphate and glucose

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6
Q

MAJOR CONSTITUENTS OF CSF

A

protein, glucose and chloride

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7
Q

major constituent of csf that is extremely low w/ no fibrinogen

A

protein

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8
Q

major constituent of csf that is approximately 2/3 of that blood sugar.

A

glucose

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9
Q

major constituent of csf that is about 25% higher than plasma chloride.

A

chloride

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10
Q

csf is formed in the..

A

highly vascular choroid plexuses

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11
Q

the tufts of capillary blood vessel in the ventricles of the brain.

A

vascular choroid plexuses

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12
Q

csf is formed by

A

filtration (secretion and diffusion) from the blood plasma.

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13
Q

location of csf

A

internal and external

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14
Q

internally…

A

fills the ventricles of the brain (ventricular fluid), the cisternae, cisternal fluid and the canal of the spinal cord.

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15
Q

externally…

A

fills the space between the pia and arachnoid membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord (spinal fluid).

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16
Q

functions of csf

A

buffer or cushion
medium of exchange
equalizes pressure
excretory channel

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17
Q

collection of csf is..

A

collected by making a spinal puncture.

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18
Q

occurs if the needle inadvertently has entered an epidural vein during insertion or simply, may blood upon collection

A

traumatic tap

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19
Q

types of puncture

A

lumbar puncture
cisternal puncture
ventricular puncture

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20
Q

relatively safe and simple procedure/puncture

A

lumbar

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21
Q

puncture in lumbar is..

A

between the 3rd and 4th
vertebrae of the lumbar region.

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22
Q

diagnosis of lumbar puncture

A
  • obtain spinal fluid for study.
  • estimate intracranial pressure.
  • test for spinal block.
  • introduce air or a lipoidal substance.
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23
Q

therapeutic in lumbar puncyure

A
  • introduce serum, penicillin, streptomycin, or anesthetic substance.
  • remove blood or irritative exudates.
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24
Q

CONTRAINDICATIONS OF LUMBAR PUNCTURE

A

A. Subtentorial Tumors
B. Presence of generally increased intracranial pressure

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25
Q

more dangerous than a lumbar puncture

A

CISTERNAL PUNCTURE (cistera magna or suboccipital)

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26
Q

cisternal puncture is done under ff. conditions:

A

blocked spinal canal
deformity of the vertebrae
infections of the tissue of the back.

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27
Q

a csf puncture done for last resort.

A

ventricular puncture

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28
Q

ventricular puncture is done frequently on infants

A

frequently done in infants whose
fontanelles are still open.

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29
Q

ventricular puncture is rarely done in adults

A

rarely done in adults except in
connection with ventriculography.

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30
Q

amount of csf in cc per pound of body weight

A

1 cc

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31
Q

amount of csf in cc in everyday production

A

100-150 cc

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32
Q

increased amount in acute and chronic
congestion of the meninges is due to..

A

due to increased transudation of plasma and to increase permeability of the choroid plexus

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33
Q

increased amount in acute and chronic infections is due to..

A

due to production of inflammatory exudate and to increase permeability of capillaries

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34
Q

csf pressure (position)

A

horizontal position

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35
Q

csf pressure (water)

A

between 70 and
200 mm of water

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36
Q

csf pressure (mercury)

A

0-8 mm. of mercury

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37
Q

csf pressure (average)

A

average of 100-150 mm.

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38
Q

normal color of csf

A

clear and colorless as distilled water

39
Q

fresh red colored csf is due to

A

due to fresh blood (punctured while inserting needle)

40
Q

dull red or brown is due to

A

(depends on lesion’s age) may be due to hemorrhage.

41
Q

yellow colored csf is due to

A

due to blood pigments from disintegration of RBC within the subarachnoid space

42
Q

another word for yellow color

A

xanthochromic

43
Q

greenish or grayish colored csf is due to

A

due to pus cells in severe inflammatory reactions and in acute meningitis.

44
Q

normal transparency of csf

A

clear

45
Q

cloudy transparency of csf is due to

A

due to fewer than 200
white cells/cu.mm

46
Q

hazy transparency of csf is due to

A

due to 200-500 white
cells/cu.mm

47
Q

turbid transparency of csf is due to

A

due to over 500 white
cells/cu.mm

48
Q

in acute meningitis fluid may exhibit

A

cloudiness/cloudy

49
Q

in less acute stage of epidemic
meningitis and n tuberculosis and
syphilitic meningitis, tubes,
poliomyelitis, and encephalitis the liquid is

A

clear

50
Q

csf coagulation

A

normally doesn’t coagulate.

51
Q

fluid clots

A

increase in proteins including
fibrinogen

52
Q

numerous small clots (coagulate)

A

occurs in paresis

53
Q

“cobweb” / pine tree / “weblike” clot

A

occurs which may be due to TB meningitis.

54
Q

where large clot is seen.

A

“Purulent meningitis”

55
Q

heavy coagulation and sediment

A

occur in acute suppurative meningitis.

56
Q

complete coagulation with xanthochromia w/o hemmorage

A

occurs in Froin’s Syndrome (spinal subarachnoid block)

57
Q

test for fibrinogen

A
  • Add 1/3 volume of NaOH to a few cc. of spinal fluid and shake,
  • observe for fine fibrin flocculation (condenses on surface)
58
Q

sediment in fibrinogen test

A

Normally no sediment (often present in meningitis)

59
Q

pH in fibrinogen test

A

Normal reaction is slightly alkaline (7.30 to 7.45 pH level)

60
Q

SG in fibrinogen test

A

Normal SG is 1.006-1.008.

61
Q

A test to confirm the presence of any subarachnoid block.

A

QUECKENSTEDT TEST

62
Q

when both jugular is compressed in queckenstedt test it. results to

A

rise of CSF pressure (rapidly over 300 mm) but returns to normal when compression ceases.

63
Q

where subarachnoid block at the foramen magnum

A

sinus thrombosis

64
Q

a mass lesion at the spinal canal

A

foramen magnum

65
Q

in sinus thrombosis the subarachnoid block at the foramen magnum (a mass lesion at the spinal canal)

A

the rise of CSF may be decreased or delayed.

66
Q

queckenstedt test positive result

A

delayed or decreased rise of CSF pressure.

67
Q

The protein of chief interest

A

globulin

68
Q

Globulin test value ____ when applied to
fluid containing blood.

A

less

69
Q

Globulin is increased in

A

meningitis and
latent syphilis.

70
Q

DIFFERENT TESTS UNDER PROTEIN-GLOBULIN

A

A. Nonne-Apelt Test for Globulin
B. Ross-Jones Test
C. Pandy’s Test
D. Noguchi’s Test (Qualitative Detection of Protein)

71
Q

must be performed within 1⁄2 hour after
fluid withdrawal

A

sugar test

72
Q

glucose ____ on standing

A

gradually
decomposes

73
Q

glucose in spinal fluid is normally ___ of that in the blood.

A

60%

74
Q

Qualitative Test for Sugar

A

Benedict’s Test

75
Q

Quantitative Test for Sugar.

A

Nelson-Somogyi Test

76
Q

chlorides in spinal fluid is normally ___
higher than that in the blood.

A

25%

77
Q

a quantitative test which procedure the same as in the chemistry procedure.

A

Schales and Schales Test

78
Q

READING AND INTERPRETATION (SCORE OF TUBES BY THE APPEARANCE OF FLUIDE IN TUBE)

A

Unchanged Deep Red = 0 Red to Blue = 1
Lilac to Purple = 2
Deep Blue = 3
Pale Blue (partial precipitate) = 4 Colorless (complete) = 5

79
Q

10 tubes results 0 (unchanged in color)

A

Normal Reaction

80
Q

highest numbers on the first 3 tubes

A

Zone 1 or Paretic Curve

81
Q

Zone 1 or Paretic Curve is related to

A

related to being insane or multiple myeloma

82
Q

highest number on the middle tubes

A

Zone 2 or Tabetic Curve

83
Q

Zone 2 or Tabetic Curve is related to

A

syphilis/syphilitic

84
Q

highest numbers on the last 3 tubes

A

Zone 3 or Meningitic Zone

85
Q

Zone 3 or Meningitic Zone is related to

A

TB meningitis

86
Q

A TRACED OF BLOOD IN CSF MAY GIVE RISE TO

A

meningitis curve

87
Q

BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION MAKES THE RESULT

A

unreliable

88
Q

diluting fluid for WBC count which is composed of 1% glacial acetic acid, 99% distilled water.

A

tuerk’s fluid

89
Q

a stain used to make the cell darker and easily counted

A

gentian violet

90
Q

normal volume of pericardial fluid

A

10 to 50 mL

91
Q

presence of excess
blood within the pericardial sac.

A

Pericardial effusion

92
Q

pericardial fluid is produced during

A

inflammatory process,
malignant process, and hemorrhage process.

93
Q

common causes of pericardial fluid

A
  1. Infection – such as bacterial pericarditis, TB,
    fungal pericarditis, and AIDS related.
  2. Neoplasm – such as metastatic CA and lymphoma.
  3. Hemorrhage – such as trauma, anticoagulant therapy and leakage of aortic aneurism.
  4. Metabolic – such as uremia, myxedema.
  5. Rheumatoid
  6. MI (myocardial infarction)
  7. SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)
94
Q

pericardial fluid method of collection

A
  1. Pericardiotomy
  2. Pericardiocentesis

mt (54 decks)

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