aubf

Question 1

began on the ancient times

Answer 1

history of urinalysis

Question 2

the beginning of laboratory medicine

Answer 2

urinalysis

Question 3

discovered the albuminuria

Answer 3

Frederick Dekkers

Question 4

microscopy came from the word..

Answer 4

“mikros” means - small and “kopein” means - look.

Question 5

discovered methods for quantifying microscopic sediment

Answer 5

Thomas Addis

Question 6

concept of urinalysis

Answer 6

Richard Bright

Question 7

how many nephrons are there in each kidney?

Answer 7

1M to 1.5M

Question 8

single, short-focus, positive lens

Answer 8

simple microscope

Question 9

with objective lenses and eyepiece

Answer 9

compound microscope

Question 10

produces magnified specimen image that appears dark against brighter background

Answer 10

brightfield microscope

Question 11

produces bright specimen image against a dark background

Answer 11

darkfield microscope

Question 12

based on the wave theory of light

Answer 12

phase-contrast

Question 13

light of a selected wavelength is presented to the specimen

Answer 13

flourescence

Question 14

illumination and detection optics are focused down on a single volume element of the specimen

Answer 14

confocal

Question 15

produces images by scanning specimens with a focused beam of electrons

Answer 15

sem

Question 16

beam of electrons interact with a specimen as they are transmitted through the specimen.

Answer 16

tem

Question 17

chief organic constituent of urine

Answer 17

urea

Question 18

chief inorganic constituent of urine

Answer 18

sodium chloride

Question 19

how many grams/liter urea are there in the urine?

Answer 19

25 g/L

Question 20

how many grams/liter of sodium chloride are there in the urine?

Answer 20

9 g/L

Question 21

normal color of the urine

Answer 21

straw to amber yellow

Question 22

the normal color of the urine is due to.

Answer 22

urochrome

Question 23

the normal odor of the urine

Answer 23

aromatic

Question 24

the normal odor of the urine is due to.

Answer 24

urinod

Question 25

what causes ammoniacal odor

Answer 25

urine is exposed to bacteria

Question 26

bacteria that converts urea into ammonia

Answer 26

proteus vulgaris

Question 27

vegetables and fruits produces what urine acidity?

Answer 27

produces alkaline urine

Question 28

meat and high protein produces what urine acidity?

Answer 28

produces acidic urine

Question 29

what is the normal specific gravity of urine?

Answer 29

1.015 - 1.025

Question 30

the normal transparency of urine?

Answer 30

clear

Question 31

presence of glucose in urine

Answer 31

glycosuria/glucosuria

Question 32

presence of blood in urine

Answer 32

hematuria

Question 33

stone formation in the kidney

Answer 33

nephrolithiasis

Question 34

stone formation in the ureters

Answer 34

ureterolithiasis

Question 35

stone formation in the urinary bladder

Answer 35

cystolithiasis

Question 36

high urine production

Answer 36

polyuria

Question 37

low urine production

Answer 37

oliguria

Question 38

high urine production at night

Answer 38

nocturia

Question 39

total suppression of urine production

Answer 39

anuria

Question 40

involuntary voiding of urine during sleep

Answer 40

enuresis

Question 41

high urea in blood

Answer 41

azotemia

Question 42

high blood urea

Answer 42

uremia

Question 43

what is the highest specific gravity the kidney can tolerate?

Answer 43

1.040

Question 44

fruity urine odors indicates presence of

Answer 44

ketones

Question 45

ammoniacal urine odor indicates that the urine is

Answer 45

old

Question 46

mousy urine odor indicates presence of

Answer 46

PKU, phenylketonuria

Question 47

the principle of heat and acetic acid test for albumin test?

Answer 47

protein is coagulated by heat, dilute acetic acid is added to dissolve the precipitated phosphates and enhance coagulation of protein

Question 48

what is the interpretation of heat and acetic acid test for albumin

Answer 48

if turbidity appears after heating but disappears with the addition of acetic acid, albumin is absent. if turbidity persist even after addition of acetic acid and reheating, albumin is present.

Question 49

principle of benedict's test

Answer 49

cupric ion is reduced to cuprous oxide in alkaline solution by glucose and other reducing substances. the color of the final solution is roughly proportional to the amount of reducing agents present.

Question 50

remaining blue in b.t means?

Answer 50

negative

Question 51

blue green in b.t means?

Answer 51

traced

Question 52

yellow in b.t means?

Answer 52

positive 1

Question 53

yellow green in b.t means?

Answer 53

positive 2

Question 54

yellow orange in b.t means?

Answer 54

positive 3

Question 55

brick red in b.t means?

Answer 55

positive 4

Question 56

very sensitive that upon exposure to light premature reduction may recall?

Answer 56

fehling's test

Question 57

the positive result of nylander

Answer 57

black precipitate

Question 58

positive result of moores

Answer 58

dark brown, caramel odor

Question 59

positive result of picric acid

Answer 59

mahogany red

Question 60

what are the organized elements?

Answer 60

rbc, leukocytes, pus cells, bacteria, parasite, cast, contaminants

Question 61

what are the unorganized elements?

Answer 61

crystals like calcium oxalate, triple phosphate, amorphous urates, amorphous phosphate, leucine, tyrosine.

Question 62

urine is poured to the ground ; if approached then sweet = diabetic.

Answer 62

ant testing

Question 63

urine is said to be tastes like honey

Answer 63

taste testing

Question 64

quack doctors

Answer 64

charlatans

Question 65

chief inorganic constituent of urine

Answer 65

sodium chloride