War Flashcards
to excite other people to riot; to get worked up, to become disturbed; to disturb others (see Karttunen and Molina) {CN}
acomana
a type of sable, short and curved, with a sharp edge only on one side, except at the point
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
alfanje
weapon(s); often in the plural, as a coat of arms, shield, heraldry
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
armas
water and scorched earth, a metaphor for battle or war (see Molina) {CN}
atl tlachinolli
bullet
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
bala
a flag, a banner
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
bandera
a weapon; a short-barrelled musket?
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
carabina
to get one’s self lost or for one to become destroyed (ni) {CN}
cempoctlanti
to destroy completely something belonging to someone else; or, to pardon someone else all the offenses he/she committed {CN}
cempopolhuia
to destroy all that exists (see Molina) {CN}
cempopoloa
to quarrel; to dispute; to harm; to do mischief {CN}
chalania
to come to an agreement, speking of those who have an argument or are involved in a lawsuit (see Molina) {CN}
channonotza
to guard or to await fearlessly for the enemy (when in the reflexive) (see Molina) {CN}
chieltia
a soldier of the shield (see Molina) {CN}
chimalitquic
through the reversing of shields; apparently a metaphor for a type of defeat through trickery (see attestation)
[Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 76–77.] {CN}
chimaltlacuecuepaltica
for someone, in this case specifically a warrior, to act like a woman
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 215.] {CN}
cihuatlamachtia
to cause a fight or a quarrel (see Molina) {CN}
cocollalilia
conqueror
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
conquistador
a northeastern neighborhood of Tlatelolco, part of Mexico City; the site of the surrender of the Mexica in the Spanish/Tlaxcalan seizure of power (a battle that would later be reenacted)
[Fuente: John Bierhorst, A Nahuatl-English Dictionary and Concordance to the Cantares Mexicanos: With an Analytic Transcription and Grammatical Notes (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985), 94.] {CN}
Coyonacazco
the shorn one, a person who has been shorn; also, a strong male, a man, a warrior, an aggressor, a conqueror
[Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 – The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 23.] {CN}
cuachic
a label given to brave but wicked warriors who were furious in battle and who “only came paying the tribute of death” – also called Otomi and tlaotonxinti
[Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 – Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 110.] {CN}
cuacuachictin
war
(ca. 1582, central Mexico)
[Fuente: John Bierhorst, Ballads of the Lords of New Spain (Austin: University of Texas Press, UTDigital, 2009), 48; http://utdi.org/book/index.php?page=songs.php] {CN}
cualanyotl
to injure or cut someone’s head with a knife (see Molina)
[Fuente: Remi Simeon, Diccionario de la lengua ni¡huatl o mexicana, redactado segiºn los documentos…. (Mexico, 1981), 406–407.] {CN}
cuatzayana
to brandish a spear, lance, or similar thing (see Molina) {CN}
cuecuetlania
to brandish a lance or something similar (see Molina) {CN}
cuecuetlatza
a dagger
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}daga
to break someone’s ribs (see Molina) {CN}
elquequeza
enemy
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
enemigo
a shield, a coat of arms
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
escudo
great one, brave, warrior (an abstract form of huēy)
[Fuente: John Bierhorst, A Nahuatl English Dictionary and Concordance to the Cantares Mexicanos (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985), 137.] {CN}
hueyotl
one who was active in Mexico City in early 1564; he was from Amanalco; he spoke up during disturbances when the Nahuas were upset about rising tribute costs and a riot occurred (see attestations) {CN}
Huixtopolcatl
to skirmish, or fight; to fight against others; to fight one against the others, or skirmish (see Molina) {CN}
icali
to injure, or beat someone lightly (see Molina) {CN}
ihuian huitequi
to let go of something because you become incapable or because of force of arms (see Molina) {CN}
ihuihui oticcauhque
the arrow and the shield; i.e. war (a metaphor)
[Fuente: Michel Launey, An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, translated and adapted by Christopher MacKay (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 128.] {CN}
in mitl in chimalli
to find what was being searched for, or to take on enemies (see Molina) {CN}
ipantilia
to be found or seen attacking, or pushing someone (see Molina) {CN}
itquitihuetzi
to rupture someone else’s eye (see Molina) {CN}
ixcaxoa
to contend, fight, quarrel with someone (see Molina) {CN}
ixcuacua
to pick a fight with {CN}
ixpehua
to injure the eye of someone else {CN}
ixtelolo pitzinia
to stab someone in the face (see Molina) {CN}
ixtequi
to hit someone in the face with what one has in one’s hands {CN}
ixtlahuitequi
to blind someone with dirt (thrown in the face) {CN}
ixtlaltemia
for someone who is wielding a weapon or fighting to jump to one side (see Molina) {CN}
ixtlapalcholoa
to destroy or ruin people or a country (nitla-); to provide clues to finding something (nitetla-) {CN}
ixtlatia
to knock someone hard in the face (transitive); or to hit oneself in the face (intransitive) {CN}
ixtlatzinia
a lance (see attestations)
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}lanza
hand sword of wood edged with obsidian (see Karttunen) {CN}
maccahuahuitl
wooden club with imbedded obsidian blades; a weapon; when this club is combined with iron, “sword” was meant {CN}
maccuahuitl
to armor a knight, to bestow honor, consecrate someone (see Molina) {CN}
mahuizmaca
a place where captives/slaves were kept (see Sahagiºn) {CN}
malcalli
to capture another person, to give the impression that one has captured the person who someone else captured(see Molina) {CN}
maltia
to extricate oneself (see Karttunen); to defend someone; or, to help bring to conciliation those who are in a conflict (see Molina) {CN}
manahuia
to defend oneself or to put up resistance (see Molina and Karttunen) {CN}
mapatla
to become single-handed, or to break ones hand or your arm; to make someone single-handed (see Molina) {CN}
mapoztequi
to fight, battle or to struggle with another (see Molina) {CN}
mayztlacoa
for people to contend or quarrel with one another (see Molina) {CN}
mixcuacua
to put merlons on a rampart or castle, to make a battlement (see Molina) {CN}
mixoyotlalia
for a people or a town to be destroyed/demolished; or, for a town to fall into ruin (see Molina) {CN}
mixtlatia
a fencer, one who fences (see Molina) {CN}
moyaomachtia
to defeat through trickery (see attestation)
[Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 76–77.] {CN}
nahualpolihui
there is fighting {CN}
necalihua
enemy, enemies
with knowledge, a condition of knowing {CN}
nemachpan
for people at odds to find agreement among themselves (see Molina) {CN}
neneuhcahuia
a general stoning or throwing at something (see Molina) {CN}
nepan motla
to cause friction among people, to stir them to rebellion (see Molina) {CN}
netechehua
the assembling of the seasoned warriors
[Fuente: Fray Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Primeros Memoriales, ed. Thelma D. Sullivan (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 198.] {CN}
netequihuacatecoz
a fortress or hideout for soldiers (see Molina) {CN}
neyaotlatiloyan
an important name in the conquest of Mexico; e.g. Cristobal de Oi±ate can be found in the conquest accounts from Jalisco {CN}
Oi±ate
to waylay or spy on someone (see Molina and Karttunen) {CN}
pachihuia
to break through in a battle; or to penetrate a large group of people (see Molina) {CN}
petlaticalaqui
powder, dust; gunpowder
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
polvo
a long wooden weapon
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
porra
to place some kind of a poultice with everyday feathers and turpentine (?); or, to cover someone with feathers (see Molina) {CN}
potonia
to decapitate or cut someone’s head (see Molina) {CN}
quechtequi
to complain, to make a legal complaint
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
quejar
quarrel
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
querella
for a herd of sheep to go along very tightly grouped; or, for a military squad to go along closed and in good formation in battle (see Molina) {CN}
quipanocuitiuh
for a herd of sheep to go along very tightly grouped; or, for a military squad to go along closed and in good formation in battle (see Molina) {CN}
quitzacutiuh
to hate or abhor people
[Fuente: See Daniel Garrison Brinton, Ancient Nahuatl Poetry: Containing the Nahuatl Text of XXVII Ancient Mexican Poems (1877), 162, and James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written (2001), 232.] {CN}
tecocolia
a friend of everyone (see Molina); also a person’s name (e.g. Miguel Teycniuh, a regidor of Mexico City, 1564, who was jailed over resistance to public tribute-labor) in the Anales de Juan Bautista
(ca. 1582, Mexico City)
[Fuente: Luis Reyes Garcia, ¿Como te confundes? ¿Acaso no somos conquistados? Anales de Juan Bautista (Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social, Biblioteca Lorenzo Boturini Insigne y Nacional Basilica de Guadalupe, 2001), 209.] {CN}
teicniuh
to make an outcry (see Karttunen) {CN}
tenhuitequi
people were conquered (see attestations from Sahagiºn) {CN}
tepehualoya
to provoke or incite strife or arguments; or, to conquer (see attestations) {CN}
tepehualtia
a coat of mail, or iron cuirass(es) (see Molina); literally, a metal blouse or shirt {CN}
tepozhuipilli
a stab, a stabbing, a slash, a slit, a knife wound, a stab wound (see Molina) {CN}
tepozhuitequiliztli
to shoot at someone with a bow and arrows (see Molina) {CN}
tepozmihuia
to stab someone with a lance (see Molina) {CN}
tepoztopilhuia
someone or something covered with metal; can refer to a person in chains, a man in armor, etc.
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 234.] {CN}
tepozzo
with many stabs from a sword or macquahuitl (see Molina) {CN}
tetepuz maccuahuiliztica
an indigenous ruler of Tlacopan (Tacuba, today); he, Quauhtemoc (of Mexico), and Coanacochtzin (of Tetzcoco) were captured by Spaniards and held in Coyoacan
(central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
[Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 188–189.] {CN}
Tetlepanquetzatzin
one valiant in war, warrior
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 235.] {CN}
tiacauh
to go over to the other side in war; in a Florentine Codex passage, to take on the appearance of the other side
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 235.] {CN}
tlacacuepa
war or battle (metaphor) (see Molina) {CN}
tlachinolli teoatl
the battlefield
(central Mexico, sixteenth century)
[Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 – Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 204.] {CN}
tlachinoltenpan
to curse, blaspheme; to insult someone, to quarrel with someone (see Karttunen) {CN}
tlacualquilia
to unbend a bow or a crossbow (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuitolmecacopina
to bend a bow or a crossbow (for shooting arrows) (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuitolmecayotia
to bend a bow without shooting the arrow or pellet/ball (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuitoloa
to disarm oneself or to disarm another person, get rid of weapons (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuizcopina
to go out on military parade; to display devices, coats of arms, emblems, insignia, in military fashion (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuiznextia
to put down one’s weapons (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuiztlalia
to disarm; to put down one’s arms/weapons; or to remove the arms, devices, or insignia from another person (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuiztoma
to get rid of one’s weapons; to take weapons away from another (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuizxixinia
to depopulate and destroy the town with a pest or plague (see Molina) {CN}
tlalpolihui
to destroy or carry out a conquest against lands and peoples
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 237.] {CN}
tlalpoloa
to inspire the gathered people to rise up, to encourage them to riot (see Molina) {CN}
tlaltecuinaltia
a conqueror or a “pacifier” of lands and peoples (see Molina) {CN}
tlamach tlatlatlaliani
a label given to brave but wicked warriors who were furious in battle and who “only came paying the tribute of death” – also called Otomi and quaquachictin
[Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 – Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 110.] {CN}
tlaotonxinti
to throw stones, to stone something
[Fuente: Juan Buenaventura Zapata y Mendoza, Historia cronologica de la Noble Ciudad de Tlaxcala, transcripcion paleogri¡fica, traduccion, presentacion y notas por Luis Reyes Garcia y Andrea Martinez Baracs (Tlaxcala and Mexico City: Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala, Secretaria de Extension Universitaria y Difusion Cultural, y Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social, 1995), 482–483.] {CN}
tlatetehuia
by way of stoning, or stoning someone (see Molina) {CN}
tlatetepacholiztica
to prime the harquebus or Lombard (see Molina) {CN}
tlequiquiz xicco nictema tlequiquiztlalli
to cause trouble between others (see Karttunen) {CN}
tzalanhuia
indigenous ruler of Coatl Ichan at the time of the early Spanish conquest of Mexico
(central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
[Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 190–191.] {CN}
Xaquitzin
to destroy; to knock down; to tear down; to collapse {CN}
xitinia
to destroy, take apart, scatter
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 241.] {CN}
xixinia
flower war {CN}
xochiyaoyotl
to make someone black and blue by striking him/her; to make something green (see Molina) {CN}
xoxohuilia
to cut someone’s nose off (see Molina) {CN}
yacacocotona
someone who had their nose cut off (see Molina) {CN}
yacacuatic
to cut someone’s nose off (see Molina) {CN}
yacaichpeloa
to cut someone’s nose (see Molina) {CN}
yacatequi
to cut someone’s nose off (see Molina) {CN}
yacatlaza
to hit one’s nose so that one has a nosebleed (see Karttunen) {CN}
yacaztemomolonia
to surround something; to surround one’s enemies; or, to be the first to complain about others; to go in procession; to go many times around something (see Molina) {CN}
yahualoa
to encircle the enemy (see Molina) {CN}
yahualotimoteca
to capture in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoana
to withdraw in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoc niloti
to battle, or fight fiercely in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoc nitlayecoa
to withdraw in war (see Molina; the example is in the first person) {CN}
yaoc nitzinquiza
to provide the necessary strength (see Molina) {CN}
yaocalcencahua
to fortify and repair a fortress (see Molina) {CN}
yaocalchicahua
to fortify and repair a fortress (see Molina) {CN}
yaocallapaltilia
a tribute or promise made by the guard of a fortress (see Molina) {CN}
yaocalpializnetolli
to arm another for war; to arm oneself for a war (see Molina and Karttunen) {CN}
yaochichihua
to make war on
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 241.] {CN}
yaochihua
war making (see attestations) {CN}
yaochihualiztli
to be skilled and knowledgeable in matters of war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoimati
to practice or rehearse the use of weapons for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaomachtia
to practice or rehearse the use of weapons for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaomamachtia
to declare war on others (see Molina) {CN}
yaomana
to meet someone in battle (see Karttunen) {CN}
yaonamiqui
to call for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaonotza
a manly act of war
[Fuente: Robert Haskett and Stephanie Wood’s notes from Nahuatl sessions with James Lockhart and subsequent research.] {CN}
yaooquichtiliztli
to be garrison people for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaopalehuia
in war (see Karttunen); to the wars (see Sahagiºn) {CN}
yaopan
to go to war
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 241.] {CN}
yaoquiza
to captain in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoquizcayacana
warriors (see attestations) {CN}
yaotiacahuan
to make war on others (see Molina) {CN}
yaotla
overlook and observe from a watchtower the sentry in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaotlachia
a call to arms, a declaration of war
(central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
[Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 186–187.] {CN}
yaotlahtolli
to issue a warning to others to prepare for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaotlalhuia
to be ready to attack the enemy, or to get in a good position (see Molina) {CN}
yaotlalia
to overlook and observe the country or seacoast from a watchtower (see Molina); to guard, to stand guard (see Chimalpahin) {CN}
yaotlapia
a watchtower or lookout point for defense in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaotlapialoyan
to warn others to prepare for an attack in war (see Molina; see also tlatalhuia) {CN}
yaotlatalhuia
to assemble troops for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaotzatzilia
to fence or encircle the enemies in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoyahualoa
through warfare {CN}
yaoyotica
to fence-in or encircle the enemy (see Molina) {CN}
yayahualoa
to skirmish with each other (see Molina) {CN}
yayaotla
to settle pacifically, speaking of those who were in an argument or involved in a lawsuit (see Molina) {CN}
yecnonotza
