Vocabulary Midterm Flashcards
Lacunae
Cavities that hold osteocytes
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells that maintain matrix
Osteoblasts
Immature cells that make bone
Osteoclasts
Break down bone when calcium levels in blood are too low
Chondrocytes
Mature cartilage cells
Chondroblasts
Immature cells that make hyaline cartilage
Fibrocblasts
Make collagen
Mast cells
Have chemicals needed to start the inflammatory response, help fight pathogens
Fixed cells vs wandering cells
fixed cells: immune cells permanently stationed in specific tissues or organs
macrophages, mast cells,
wandering cells: immune cells that move freely throughout body. lymphocytes, neutrophils
Extracellular matrix
Non living material that surrounds the living cells. Helps bear weight and withstand tension
Merocrine glands
Don’t accumulate product, merely secrete
Example of merocrine glands
Pancreas, sweat, salivary
Holocrine glands example
Burst, sebaceous
Apocrine glands
Apex pinches off, mammary
Adenoma
Neoplasm in glandular epithelium
Carcinoma
Cancer in epithelium
Basement membrane
Separates epithelial tissue from underlying connective tissue. Helps resist tearing
Tissue types
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Types of fibers
Collagen fibers (stronger than steel )
Elastic fibers(provide elasticity)
Reticular fibers (thin collagen fibers that make soft skeleton)
Neuronal pools
groups of interconnected neurons within the CNS that work together to carry out specific functions
Types of neuronal pools
Diverging and converging
Diverging neuronal pools
single presynaptic neuron communicates with multiple post-synaptic neurons
Help transport information to various parts of the nervous system simultaneously
Converging neuronal pools
Several presynaptic neurons communicate with one post-synaptic neuron.
Help integrate information from multiple sources
Acetylcholinesterase
Helps stop communication of neurons by breaking down acetylcholine into
Acetate and choline
Satellite cells
Give structural support to ganglia in PNS
Astrocytes
Collect leaked potassium ions
Recapture and recycle neurotransmitters
Reticular formation
Keeps cerebral cortex alert and conscious
Filters out repetitive stimuli
Enhances excitability of cerebral cortex
Reticular formation extends through
Central core of medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
Epidural space
contains fat, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
Epidural space location
In between vertebrae and dura mater
CN1
Olfactory
Sensory
CN2
Optic sensory
CN 3
Oculomotor
Superior, inferior and medial rectus, inferior oblique
CN4
Trochlear
Superior oblique , depresses eye and turns them laterally
Trigeminal V
Innervates large areas of face opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
Abducens VI
Abducts the eyeball
Controls lateral rectus
VII facial
Facial expressions
Sensory info from anterior 2/3 of tongue
VIII vestibulocochlear
Hearing and balance