Chap 1 Week 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Ana-tomy
A
To cut apart
2
Q
Physiology
A
Nature of things
3
Q
Gross anatomy
A
Structure you can see with naked eye
4
Q
Sulci
A
Folds in grey matter
5
Q
Gyri
A
Raised areas of brain
6
Q
Longitudinal fissure
A
Split that goes down middle
7
Q
Cerebellum important for
A
Proprioception/movement
8
Q
Microanatomy
A
Types of cells
9
Q
Levels of org chemical
A
Atoms>elements>molecules>bio macromolecules>cells>
10
Q
Polymers
A
Various monomers
11
Q
Carbohydrates
A
Sugars
12
Q
Nucleic acids
A
DNA and RNA
13
Q
Polysaccharides>glycogen
A
Starch
14
Q
Glycogen stored in
A
Liver
15
Q
Glucose, fructose, galactose
A
Monosaccharides
16
Q
Protein unit is
A
Aminoacid
17
Q
Types of proteins
A
Functional or structural
18
Q
Most common protein in body is
A
Collagen
19
Q
Tissues
A
Groups of macromolecules
20
Q
Layers of smooth muscle
A
Circular and longitudinal layer
21
Q
Liquid connective tissues
A
Blood and lymph
22
Q
Regional anatomy
A
All structures are in one region are examined at the same time
23
Q
Systemic anatomy
A
Body structures are studied system by system
24
Q
Surface anatomy
A
Internal structures as they relate to overlying skin surface
Feel muscles, locate blood vessels, feel pulses and draw blood
25
Microscopic anatomy
Structures can't be seen with naked eye
26
Subdivisions of microscopic anatomy
Cytology and histology
27
Developmental anatomy
Traces structural changes that occur throughout lifespan
28
Embryology
Developmental changes that occur before birth
29
Pathological anatomy
Structural changes caused by disease
30
Radiographic anatomy
Internal structures visualized by X ray images or special scanning procedures
31
Tools for studying anatomy
Observation, manipulation,
palpation (in living),
Auscultation (listening with stethoscope)
32
Palpation
Feeling organs with hands
33
Auscultation
Listening to organ sounds with stethoscope
34
Give example of how you can use tools of observation to study anatomy
You can look at the joint, seeing how parts work together,
Manipulate joint to determine range of motion,
Name parts and describe how they are related,
35
Neurophysiology
Workings of the nervous system
36
Why does physiology focus on molecular level?
Because body's abilities depend on those of individual cells. Cells abilities depend on chemical reactions
37
What a structure can do depends on (complementarity of structure and function)
It's specific form
38
Give examples of complementarity of structure and function
Bones support and protect organs because the have hard mineral deposits. Blood flows in one direction in the heart because of valves
39
Which subdivision of anatomy studies tissues of the heart?
Histology
40
Simplest living creatures are
Single cells
41
Tissues
Groups of similar cells that have a common function
42
Four basic tissue types in the body
Epithelial
Muscle
Connective
Nervous
43
Epithelial tissue role
Covers surface,
Lines cavities,
44
Connective tissue role
Supports and protects organs
45
Nervous tissue
Rapid internal communication
46
Organ
Discrete structure made of at least two tissue types
Has specific function
47
Organ system example
Heart and blood vessels of the cardiovascular system work together to carry oxygen and nutrients
48
All organ systems of the body
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
49
Highest level of organization
Organism
Sum of all levels working together to keep us alive
50
Necessary life functions
Boundaries
Move
Respond to change
Take in and digest nutrients,
Carry out metabolism,
Dispose waste,
Reproduce,
Grow
51
Catabolism
Break apart releases energy
52
Anabolism
Put together, need energy
53
Survival needs
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal body temperature
Appropriate atmospheric pressure
54
Plant based foods are richer in, animal foods are richer in
Carbs
Vitamins
Minerals
Proteins and fats
55
Why do we need oxygen?
Because most reactions that break down food require oxygen
56
Most abundant chemical in the body
Water 50-60%
57
Normal body temp
37 C or 98.6 F
58
What happens in body temperature is too low? What if too high?
Metabolic reactions become slower.
Go at frantic pace
59
What generates most body heat
Activity of muscular system
60
Why do we need appropriate atmospheric pressure?
Gas exchange between air and lungs depends on appropriate atmospheric pressure
61
Minerals & vitamins are required for
Chemical reactions that go on in cells
Also for oxygen transport.
Calcium makes bones hard and helps clotting
62
Why do we need water?
Environment for chemical reactions
Base for body secretions and excretions
63
Homeostasis
Maintain relatively stable internal body conditions
Dynamic equilibrium. Nervous and endocrine most important. Needed for health
64
Communication systems
Nervous and endocrine systems
65
Variable
Factor or event being regulated.
66
Components that regulate feedback mechanisms are
Receptors
Control center
Effector
67
Receptors send info along which pathway
Afferent
68
Control center
Set point
Determines appropriate response
69
Withdrawal reflex
Hand moves away from
Painful stimulus like broken glass
70
Positive feedback mechanisms are often called
Cascades
Enhancement of labor contractions during birth and blood clotting
71
Homeostatic imbalance
Disturbance of the body's homeostasis
More likely with age
72
Parasaggital planes
Offset from mid line, vertical
73
Coronal plane
Frontal plane
74
Cross section
transverse section
75
Oblique sections are between
Horizontal and vertical
76
Parts of the dorsal body cavity
Cranial and vertebral
77
Cranial cavity
Encases brain
78
Meninges
Membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
79
Parts of ventral body cavity
Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
80
Viscera
Internal organs
81
Mediastinum
Medial cavity of thorax
82
Hiatal hernia
Part of stomach goes through diaphragm into thoracic cavity. Stomach acid irritates the esophagus
83
Membranes in the ventral body cavity
Visceral and parietal serosa
84
Pleurisy, peritonitis
Inflammation of pleura,
Inflammation of peritoneum.
Serous membranes inflamed, stick together and drag across each other. Excruciating pain
85
Regions of abdomen
86
The immune system is closely associated with which system?
Lymphatic system
87
Survival requirements include
Nutrients
Water
Oxygen
Appropriate temp
Appropriate atmospheric pressure
88
Positive feedback mechanism
Effector enhances initial stimulus
89
Crural
Relating to leg or thigh
90
Olecranal
Behind the elbow joint
91
Hallux
Big toe
92
Sural
Calf
93
Antecubital
Front surface of forearm
94
Pollex
Thumb
95
Peroneal
Outer side of calf
96
Caudal
Inferior
97
How are anatomy and physiology connected?
Anatomy is created for certain functions or physiology and physiology depends on anatomy
