Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Tignor 1 > The Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

The Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle and associated bones

Pelvic girdle and associated bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pattern of bones

A

1 bone,
2 bones,
Many bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does shoulder attach to axial skeleton?

A

Most mobile joint in human body

Clavicle has sternal end and acromial end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acromial process

A

Little piece of bone that sticks out, comes off scapular spine. Where clavicle articulates with scapula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is shoulder so mobile?

A

Only place where pectoral girdle attaches to axial skeleton is where sternum and clavicle meet . Sternoclavicular joint. Susceptible to different types of injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Only s shaped, sigmoid shaped bone

A

Clavicle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why are sigmoid shaped bones weaker than long straight bones? Why do we have a weak clavicle

A

We have very flexible cervical vertebra in the neck

When you take a hard lateral blow your head leans in(cervical vertebra shift to one side) . Clavicle acts as shock absorber for neck. Breaks when you take a hard blow to the shoulder instead of your neck breaking. Prevents you from doing damage to your neck. Common breaks in athletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Subclavius

A

Muscle under clavicle.
Helps keep clavicle in position after it’s broken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Scapula connected to

A

Clavicle and (humerus inserts into glenoid cavity of scapula. Fibrocartilage around Glenoid cavity helps ball and socket joint fit a little bit tighter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coracoid process

A

In scapula, hangs out over in front of you. Connection point for the head of biceps, pectoralis minor, corticobrachialis. Anchor point for muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acromion

A

Highest point
Slightly higher than corocoid process,
Articulates with clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anterior view of scapula

A

Flatter,
Slides across back of thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parts of scapula

A

Lateral border
Medial border
Superior border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Medial border AKA

A

Vertebral border because it points towards vertebra on back of anterior view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Posterior view of scapula parts

A

1.Scapular spine
2.Coracoid process wrapping over to the front of the skeleton
3.Acromion process
(Clavicle articulates here)
4.supraspinous fossa
5. Infraspinous fossa
6.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Subscapular fossa

A

On anterior aspect of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Four muscles that help hold head of humerus to scapula

A

Supraspinous fossa-connects to supraspinatus

Infraspinous fossa -connects to infraspinatus muscle

T- teres minor

S-subscapular fossa- subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What connects to greater tubercle of humerus?

A
  1. Teres minor
  2. Supraspinatus
  3. Infraspinatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Connects to lesser tubercle of humerus

A

Subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Head of humerus sits in which cavity?

A

Glenoid cavity of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Parts of humerus

A

1.Head

  1. Greater tubercle(always on same side as capitulum)
  2. Lesser tubercle( on same side as trochlea)
    4.anatomical neck -Just away from the head of the humerus
  3. Surgical neck-common place to break humerus
  4. Deltoid tuberosity- little knobby region of bone that muscles may attach to. Deltoid attached to it.gets thicker in power lifters..bone markings size can change based on activity

4.coronoid fossa- holds coronoid process of ulna
5. Olecranon fossa- on posterior view. Holds olecranon process

  1. Capitulum:half sphere. Head of radius rotates on this
  2. Trochlea- pulley, hourglass shape. Ulna sits here
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is in between of sulcus between greater and lesser tubercles

A

One of the heads of the biceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Type of joint in elbow

A

Hinge joint and pivot joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rotational aspect of elbow comes from

A

Radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hinge portion of elbow joint comes from
Humeroulnar connection.
26
Coronoid fossa of humerus
Stop point of coronoid process on ulna
27
Coronoid fossa
Stop point of coronoid process on the ulna
28
Inner osseous membrane.
Fibrous joint between radius and ulna. Made of dense connective tissue. Rotation in forearm occurs by the head of the radius rotating against the capitulum. Lets radius cross over ulna by maintaining functional strength
29
Parts of radius
1. Head of radius, rotates against capitulum 2. Radial tuberosity- connection point for biceps
30
Biceps connects to
Corocoid process and supraglenoid tubercle on scapula. And connects down to radius. Skips the whole humerus
31
Distal radio ulnar joint
Radius and ulna rotate past each other, so we have an ulnar notch on the radius, which the ulna moves against
32
Radial notch
On ulna, where head of radius rotates against the ulna through.
33
Trochlear notch
Fits on trochlea of humerus. Looks like crescent wrench
34
Olecranon process stops on
Posterior of elbow
35
Coronoid process
Stop point on the anterior of the elbow joint. Prevents elbow from bending backwards
36
Radius is always on which side, ulna
Radius=Thumb side Ulna= pinky side
37
Wrist bones
Carpals
38
What frames the wrist
Styloid process on radius, styloid process on ulna.
39
Metacarpals
Bones in palm, can see on back of hand. Associated with knuckles
40
Phalanges
Fingers, proximal, middle, distal, on everything but thumb, Thumb: proximal and distal only
41
Singular of phalanges is
Phalyx
42
What can happen when you break a carpal?
Limited blood supply, don't always heal correctly. Improper healing can impair wrist movement.
43
Flexor retinaculum
Connects some of the muscles at the base or proximal end of the hand
44
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Muscle tendons press against the nerve, causing numbness. Can be corrected by cutting few structures in carpal tunnel to create room
45
Carpal tunnel
Hold muscle tendons
46
true or false hand shape changes during strong gripping
True Muscles and ligaments are going to change shapes to increase strength of connection.
47
Fractures of the humerus
1. Surgical neck-common place for humerus to break 2. Transverse humeral fracture: break in middle of humerus. Straight line across width 3. Supracondylar fracture: breaking of humerus on distal end, just above elbow where humerus begins to widen. Happens just above condyles.. 4.Intercondylar fracture:break in area between two bony protrusions. break happens between condyles
48
Colles fracture
Most common type of fracture in radius. Break of distal end of radius
49
Parts of pelvic girdle
1. 2 hip bones:2 Coxa Meet at pubic symphysis. Important for shock absorption on hips. Important during childbirth. Allows for a bit of stretching and movement. Pubic symphysis caused to soften by hormones. Maximize width of birth canal.
50
Which bones fuse to form the coxa?
1. Ilium(wings), 2.ischium(ischial tuberosities, butt bones), 3. pubis (anterior portion of hip bones)
51
Parts of Acetabulum
Socket for head of femur, Ilium, ischium, pubis
52
Acetabulum etymology
Vinegar cup
53
Acetabular femoral joint type
Ball and socket joint. Tight fit. Has ligament connection called phobia capitis located on head of femur and ligamentum teres connects to Acetabulum to make it a stronger joint.
54
Obturator foramen
Has connective tissue membrane over it and muscles attached to it, with small opening with obturator vein artery and nerve that passes through
55
Symphysis
Cartilaginous joint. Pad of fibrocartilage between the pubis
56
Iliac crest
On wing of hip bones
57
Anterior superior iliac spine
Just above belt line, laterally. Attachment point for example rectus femoris. Sartorius attaches here too
58
Posterior inferior iliac spine
Below posterior superior iliac spine
59
Ischial spine
Below ischial body
60
Other structures
Greater sciatic notch Ischial tuberosities: sitting bones
61
Differences between male and female pelvis
Female: -wide pelvic basin, less instructed - pubic arch is u shaped Male: -narrow pelvic outlet -pubic arch is v shaped
62
Q angle
Angle between Acetabulum and femur, Greater in females than males
63
Parts of femur
1. Head of femur:
64
Fovea capitis
On head of femur, little pit, connection point to the Acetabulum and the femur. Ligamentum teres connects both structures together
65
Greater trochanter and lesser trochanter
Important connection points for muscles (examples: iliosoas, soas major connect to lesser trochanter and insert on ilium in case of iliacus or connect to transverse processes of lumbar vertebra in the case of soas major. Allow for hip flexion Greater trochanter is connection for posterior muscles.
66
Trochanter meaning
To run.. important connection points for muscles that allow for hip joint movements Greater trochanter is lateral Lesser trochanter is medial
67
Linea aspera
Visible on posterior view. Important connection point for lots of different muscles. That is why we have this raised area on bone.
68
Lateral and medial epicondyles
Anterior view
69
Lateral and medial condyles
Posterior view
70
Condyle is
Rounded surface important for femur to move against the tibia on
71
Epicondyle
Slightly more proximal than condyles, a bit superior. Epi, on top of. Anterior. On surface of
72
Patella
Quadriceps move down and connect to patellar tendons , below patella is patellar ligament
73
Strongest group of muscles in the body
Quadriceps Strongest because the all funnel down through patellar ligament and connect to the tibia
74
Names of quadriceps
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius
75
Interosseous membrane location in lower limb
Between tibia and fibula.
76
Which lower leg bone does not bear any weight?
Fibula. Can be used as source for bone graphs where someone has damaged another bone. Can survive without it. Assists with leg movements
77
Proximal end of the tibia
Has lateral and medial condyle. Articulating surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage
78
Largest and most complex synovial joint
Knee joint
79
Tibial tuberosity
Connection point for patellar ligament that connects the quadriceps
80
Medial malleolus
On tibia Ankle on medial side of leg Frames tarsals of foot. Equivalent to carpals in wrist
81
Leg
Below knee
82
Thigh
Above knee
83
Lateral malleolus
Lateral part of ankle, on fibula.
84
Tallus
Tarsal. Large bone in ankle that articulates with the tibia of the leg and fits between medial malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula.
85
Calcaneus
Heel bone Gastrocnemius or calf muscles funnel down and form the calcaneus tendon that wraps around and inserts on the calcaneus
86
Achilles tendon
Wraps around calcaneus
87
Bones in big toe
Proximal bone and distal bone.

AP Tignor 1 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions