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AP Tignor 1 > Question 6 Midterm > Flashcards

Question 6 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Which are the fundamental types of connective tissues

A
  1. Loose
  2. Dense
  3. Cartilage
  4. Bone
  5. Blood
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2
Q

Types of loose connective tissue

A

1.Areolar
2. Adipose
3. Reticular

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3
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A
  1. Support and bind other tissue types
  2. Hold body fluids
  3. Most widely distributed type of connective tissue
  4. Has a lot of hyaluronic acid
  5. Helps provide nourishment
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4
Q

Example of areolar connective tissue

A

1.Connective tissue that most epithelium rest on

2.Adipocytes often accumulate in this tissue

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5
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Commonly referred to as fat
House adipocytes
Brown fat and white fat

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6
Q

Function of adipose tissue

A
  1. Provide cushioning
  2. Heat
  3. Fuel storage
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7
Q

Brown fat

A

1.High in mitochondria
2.Makes heat using lipid fuels
3. Babies use it to generate body heat since they cannot shiver

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8
Q

Locations of brown fat

A
  1. Around spine,
    Collarbones, neck, abdomen
  2. Babies
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9
Q

White fat

A

Energy storage,
Protection,
Insulation

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10
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

1.Fine collagen fibers
2.Make a network(soft skeleton)
3. Support WBC, Macrophages, Mast cells
4. Has gel-like ground substance

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11
Q

WBC

A

Provide immune response when pathogens are detected

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12
Q

Mast cells

A

cluster along blood vessels. detect microorganisms, initiate local inflammatory response

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13
Q

Macrophages

A

Large immune cell. Devours foreign/harmful materials

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14
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat cells

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15
Q

Example of where to find reticular loose connective tissue

A

3.Supports the lymphoid organs like the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow

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16
Q

Where to find white fat?

A

Beneath skin in subcutaneous tissue,
Abdomen,

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17
Q

Types of dense connective tissues

A

Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic

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18
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Tensile strength in one direction
Parallel collagen fibers

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19
Q

Example of dense regular connective tissue

A

Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

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20
Q

Tendons

A

Attach Muscle to bone

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21
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Flat, sheet like tendons that attach muscles to bone, or attach muscles to muscles

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22
Q

Cartilage resists which two things?

A

Tension and compression

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23
Q

How does cartilage receive nutrients

A

Diffusion from blood vessels in connective tissue layer

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24
Q

What percentage of cartilage is water

A

80%

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25
Properties of connective tissue
1.EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX 2. COMMON ORIGIN (MESENCHYME)
26
Ligaments
Bind bones to bones at joints
27
Dense irregular connective tissue function
1.Resist tensile strength from many directions 2. Irregularly arranged collagen fibers (made by fibroblasts)
28
Location of dense irregular connective tissue
1. Dermis of skin, 2. Submucosa of digestive tract
29
Dense elastic connective tissue
High proportion of elastic fibers Allows for tissue recoil after stretching
30
Where to find dense elastic connective tissue
1. Walls of arteries 2. Walls of bronchial tubules 3. Ligaments associated with vertebral column
31
Types of cartilage
1. Hyaline cartilage 2. Elastic cartilage 3. Fibrocartilage
32
Hyaline cartilage
1.Imperceptible network made by chondroblasts 2.Most abundant cartilage in body 3. Lots of collagen fibers 4. Glassy appearance
33
Location of hyaline cartilage
1. Fetal skeleton 2. Epiphyseal plates 3. Coastal regions of ribs
34
What happens to cartilage during old age?
Loses ability to divide, Injured cartilage heals slowly, Old cartilage can ossify
35
Is adipose tissue highly vascularized?
Yes
36
How much of the body is adipose tissue in the average person
18%
37
Fibrocartilage
1.Matrix similar but less firm than in hyaline cartilage. 2. Thick collagen fibers predominate.
38
Function of fibrocartilage
Tensile strength lets it absorb compressive shock
39
Location of fibrocartilage
Pubic symphysis Intervertebral discs Disc at knee joints
40
Elastic cartilage
1.Similar to hyaline cartilage but more elastic fibers in matrix 2.More flexible than hyaline cartilage
41
Elastic cartilage locations
Supports pinna and epiglottis
42
Epiglottis
Flap that closes over windpipe to prevent food from entering the airway
43
Bone
1.Hard calcified matrix 2.Contains lots of collagen fibers 3.Very well vascularized 4. Made of osteocytes that lie in lacunae
44
Bone location
Skeleton, that provides levers for movement
45
Blood
Fluid connective tissue: has RBCs, WBCs, Plasma
46
RBCs
Help transport O2 Aka as erythrocytes, Concave shape
47
WBCs
Leukocytes Immune protection, Help protect sites of damage
48
Plasma
Suspends the formed elements of blood, Liquid Allows for movement
49
Thrombocytes
Platelets used for clotting
50
Similarities and differences between epithelial tissues and connective tissues
1. Both are various cells working together to perform a common function 2. Epithelial tissues are avascular whereas connective tissue have different vascularization. Hyaline cartilage is avascular but areolar connective tissue is highly vascular 3. Epithelial tissues and connective tissues have different functions. Epithelium cover, line, protect and make glands. Connective tissue nourishes, binds, supports, stores energy and helps transport substances
51
Intercellular junctions types
Tight junctions (prevent leakage, impermeable) Anchoring junctions (resist shear stress, not impermeable) Gap junctions ( communicating junctions in adjacent cells, lets cytoplasms interact, tunnel)
52
Tissue types
Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous
53
Types of epithelial tissue
Covering and lining Glandular epithelium
54
Types of muscle
1. Skeletal muscle 2. Smooth muscle 3. Cardiac muscle
55
Types of nervous tissue
Neurons (communication cell in nervous system with axon, dendrites, body and synaptic knobs) Neuroglia (support cells)
56
Basement membrane
Boundary between epithelium and connective tissue Has reticular lamina and basal lamina
57
Simple
One layer
58
Stratified
More than one layer
59
Pseudostratified
Appearance of layers
60
Reticular fibers
Fine collagen fibers make fine network
61
Collagen
Stronger than steel Made by cross-linked fibrils wound together
62
Elastic fibers
Made by elastin protein Gives rubbery and resilient quality to matrix
63
Lacunae
Small space, cavity or depression, hold bone cells or cartilage cells
64
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells, occupy lacunae, maintains matrix
65
Stem cells that make bone
Osteoprogenitor cell
66
Osteoblasts
Immature cells that make bony matrix, Responsible for bone growth
67
Osteoclasts
Large cells that resorb bony matrix, break down bony matrix
68
Osteon
Structural unit of compact bone. Makes parallel cylinder to long axis of bone. Contains blood vessels and nerves in the middle
69
Adenoma
Neoplasm of glandular epithelium
70
Carcinoma
Cancer in an epithelium

AP Tignor 1 (29 decks)

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