Special Senses And Nervous System Key Words Flashcards
Chemoreceptors
Respond to chemicals dissolved in solution
Nocioreceptors
help sense pain. Alerted by chemicals that indicate damage
Thermoreceptors
Respond to temperature changes
Mechanoreceptors
Modified dendrites that detect changes in pressure, flex or flexion
Photoreceptors
Specialized receptor cell that responds to light energy, rods and cones
Retina
Inner layer of eyeball,
Contains photoreceptors, rods and cones
Golgi receptor organs
Proprioceptors (sense organ that gets info from inside body) senses tension. If too much tension, will inhibit muscle from creating more force through a reflex arc. Will protect you from injuring yourself. Relax tendons
Muscle spindle fiber
Senses stretch and speed of stretch. Sends message to stop stretching when you reach the endpoint of spindle stretch. Protects you from overstretching or hurting yourself
Sensation
Perception of a stimulus through one of the special senses
Sensation
Awareness of internal and external stimuli
Perception
Conscious interpretation of internal and external stimuli
Sensory adaptation
Change in sensitivity and nerve impulse generation in response to a constant stimulus. For example, photoreceptors adapt to bright light
Sensory conflict (ex. Motion sickness)
Confusion of sensory inputs. Being in ship during storm. Visual input looks like stationary, but rough movement cause vestibular apparatus to detect motion sickness
Free nerve endings
Sense pain, cold and warmth.
Uncapsulated dendrite of a sensory neuron. Modified dendrites that collect information. Change information to stimulus
Most common nerve endings in skin
Free nerve endings,
Extend to middle of epidermis
Which nerve endings are less sensitive to to abrupt changes in stimulation?
Free nerve endings
Where are Meissner’s corpuscules found?
Papillary layer of dermis
Meissner’s corpuscules
Tactile corpuscules
Touch receptors
Light pressure receptors, at junction of dermis and epidermis
Sense textural differences
Pacinian corpuscules
Lamellar corpuscules
Deep pressure receptors in dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Respond only when pressure is first applied
Deep vibration
Visceral pain
Pain emanating from the internal organs ,
Vague, dull aching sensation can be caused by extreme stretching of tissue, irritating chemicals, muscle spasms
Causes of visceral pain
Extreme stretching of tissue,
Ischemia (low blood flow),
Irritating chemicals,
Muscle spasms
Ischemia
Low blood flow
Referred pain
Pain stimuli arising from one part of the body are perceived as coming from another part
Cause of referred pain?
Same segments of spinal cord innervate multiple parts. T1-T5 innervate heart and arm