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AP Tignor 1 > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Sutures

A

Fibrous joints that join parts of the skull

Not very moveable

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2
Q

Types of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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3
Q

Synarthroses

A

Don’t move much

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4
Q

Diarthroses

A

Move a lot

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5
Q

Amphiathroses

A

Move a little bit

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6
Q

Majority of joints in body

A

Synovial joints

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7
Q

Symphisis

A

Type of fibrocartilage that resists compressive strength. Has a liquid center.

Has annulus fibrosis: outer circumferential portion of disc. Surrounds nucleus pulposus, or pulp filled center

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8
Q

Multiaxial joint

A

Can move in multiple directions like ball and socket joints. (Hip joint) Shoulder

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9
Q

Hinge joint

A

Allows movement in one plane. Type of synovial joint. Between ulna and humerus

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10
Q

Pivot joint

A

Joints that permit rotatory motion around a single axis. Between radius and humerus.

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11
Q

What kind of joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge joint and pivot joint

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12
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

1-sutures (in neurocranium, made of dense fibrous connective tissue holding flat bones together)Not super moveable

2.syndesmosis: between ulna and radius. Between tibia and fibula. Make up interosseous membranes like the one in the antebrachial region. Important reinforcement. Antebrachial syndesmosis lets the capitulum on the humerus rotate and cross over the ulna.

  1. Gomphosis:
    Holds tooth in bony socket
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13
Q

Wormian bones

A

Skinny bones in sutures, not everyone has them

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14
Q

In the newborn skull, the bones are not

A

Completely fused, instead fontanelles exist

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15
Q

Fontanelles

A

Dense irregular connective tissues that cover open spaces until the bones grow enough to fuse together

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16
Q

Anterior fontanelle

A

Soft spot on top of baby’s head until bones grow enough to fuse together.

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17
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A
  1. Epiphyseal plates:part where bone is still growing. Rapidly dividing, proliferating cartilage. Type of synchondrosis
  2. Symphysis
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18
Q

Synovial joints

A

Most common in body

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19
Q

Parts of synovial joints

A

1.synovial membrane: connective tissue membrane deep to the fibrous articular capsule. Found in spaces between bones. Not on area where there is hyaline cartilage

2.articular cartilage: hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones.avascular, 17x more slippery than ice. Gets nutrients from synovial fluid.

  1. Synovial fluid: lubricant that provides nutrients for hyaline and articular cartilage. Looks like raw egg white. Helps protect articulating surfaces of bone

4.articular capsule: dense fibrous connective tissue. Forms capsule around articulating surfaces of bones. Outside of synovial membrane

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20
Q

4 types of membranes

A
  1. Cutaneous membranes:skin, all epithelial
    2.mucous membranes: line cavities open to exterior. Epithelial
    3.serous membranes: pleural, pericardium, peritoneum . Epithelial
  2. Synovial membranes : made of connective tissue but behaves more like epithelial tissue. Secretes substances
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21
Q

Largest and most complex synovial joint of the human body

A

Knee joint

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22
Q

Proximal surface of tibia is

A

Flat

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23
Q

Tendon of quadriceps femoris

A

Tendon of all the various quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius all come together in patellar tendon. Connects to the patella and then to patellar ligament on other side.which connects to tibial tuberosity on the anterior of tibia

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24
Q

Synovial cavity

A

Holds synovial fluid

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25
Location of synovial membrane
On edges of the synovial cavity not covered with hyaline cartilage
26
Infrapatellar fat pad
Cushioning and space filler in knee joint
27
Infrapatellar bursa
3d fold of synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid to the inside of the bursa. Helps reduce friction between ligaments and bones and muscles and bones
28
Bursitis
Inflamation of the bursa Caused by carrying out a new motion repeatedly thousands or hundreds of times without ample rest causing bursa to inflame and fill up with extra fluid Or overuse
29
Anterior cruciate ligament
Goes from femur to anterior tibia.
30
Ligaments of knee joint
-Anterior cruciate ligament -posterior cruciate ligament -ligament coming from meniscus -medial collateral ligament (tibial collateral ligament) -lateral collateral ligament (fibular collateral ligament)
31
Meniscus
Fibrocartilage gasket that divides synovial cavity into a couple of chambers. In knee joint and tempo mandibular joint(TMJ allows for unusual movement of the mandible)
32
Types of synovial joints
1.pivot joint 2. Hinge joint 3.saddle joint 4.plane joints 5.condyloid joint 6.ball and socket joints
33
Pivot joint
Allow for rotation around an axis. Ex: between 1st and 2nd cervical vertebra, which allows for side to side rotation of the head. Or radius and humerus
34
Hinge joint
Ex: works like door hinge Elbow Ulna and humerus
35
Saddle joint
Articulation between trapezium carpal bone and the first metacarpal bone at the base of the thumb Helps with opposible thumb movement
36
Plane joints
Between tarsal bones of foot, limited gliding movements between bones.
37
Condyloid joint
Radiocarpal joint of the wrist
38
Ball and socket joints
Hip and shoulder joints. Only ball and socket joints in body
39
Osteoarthritis
Joint degradation associated with age. Bone is just breaking down. Little hyaline cartilage left. Bone growth occurs. General arthritis with aging Damage in hyaline cartilage. Can't be repaired because it is avascular Osteophytes:bony, fingerlike structures grow into joint space. Rub against eachother and bone grows.
40
Acetabulum
Place where femur plugs in
41
Fovea capitus
Pit in head of femur Holds ligament teres
42
Rheumatoid arthritis
Synovial membrane gets attacked. Gets inflamed and causes a non functional joint inflammation layer. Inflamation layer gets thickened. Joints become nonfunctional over time Autoimmune disorder. Immune system attacks the synovial membrane in joint. Causes change in tissue around joint.
43
Arthritis can also be caused by
Lyme disease
44
Reduce angle of joint
Flexion In arm uses biceps brachii and brachialis
45
When we make joint angle greater
Extension Extension of arm: triceps brachii
46
Hyperextension
Example moving head too far back. Can damage joints
47
Abduction
Away from midline
48
Adductors
Towards midline Ex adductor longus Pulls leg towards the middle
49
Rotation
Turning head side to side
50
Plantar flexion
Pointing toes downward
51
Dorsiflexion
Pointing toes up
52
Inversion of feet
Turning foot sideways inwardly
53
Eversion
Turning foot sideways outwardly
54
Retraction of mandible
Pulling mandible inward
55
Protraction of mandible
Pushing mandible outward
56
Tempo mandibular joints are
Complex joints with meniscus (little piece of fibrocartilage that lets it move different ways) Can cause significant pain from not working properly
57
Glenohumeral joint
True joint Ball and socket joint Even though socket is quite flat Parts: Medullary cavity Spongy bone Has epiphyseal line. Articulates with scapula Humerus sits in which cavity? Glenoid cavity Articular cartilage covers surface of scapula, glenoid cavity and head of humerus. Synovial fluid in glenoid cavity On sides we have synovial membrane and fibrous membrane Subacromial bursa: can sometimes get bursitis Tendon sheath: another device for friction reduction Head of tendon of biceps brachii
58
False joint
Where scapula slides across the ribs
59
Connection points of biceps brachii
Supra glenoid tubercle Coracoid process
60
Glenoid labrum
Fibrocartilage in glenohumeral joint Helps build up and make glenoid cavity a bit more like a ball and socket joint Can be torn
61
Subacromial bursa
Helps reduce friction if inflamed can cause bursitis
62
Tendonitis
Inflamation of a tendon
63
Parts of meniscus
Lateral meniscus Medial meniscus Divides synovial cavity into two compartments. Gives some cushioning. If you jump down off a table, the meniscus will help cushion knee joints as you absorb the shock resulting from the force of gravity. Helps femoral condyles move nicely across the surface of the tibial condyles. Covered with articular cartilage. Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament. Ligament that unwinds off of the meniscus and attaches to knee.
64
What helps hold knee joint in place?
Quadriceps femoris(rectus femoris, vastus lateralis &vastus medialis And underneath rectus femoris you have vastus intermedius. Connect together and drive through the patellar ligament and attach to tibial tuberosity Fibular collateral ligament Tibial collateral ligament
65
Need to know
-joints covered in lecture, especially the knee -shoulder -know what articular cartilage is and does -know what synovial fluid is and does -types of degradation of articular cartilage (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Lyme's disease arthritis) -understand what a bursa does -understand what a tendon sheath does -understand what a fat pad does -ways to classify joints -know classification based on movement, types of tissues they're made of and types of joint they are (synovial joints. Etc) Basic types of structures found in synovial joints.
66
Lateral blow to knee
Common in soccer, hockey Knee bulges to medial side more than it should. Structures can be damaged or destroyed
67
Three most common results of lateral blow to knee
1. Torn tibial (medial)collateral ligament 2. Torn anterior cruciate ligament 3. Damage to medial meniscus
68
What does synovial fluid contain
Hyaluronic acid
69
Articulations permitting only slight movements are
Amphiathroses
70
The intermediate radioulnar joint exists between the radius and the ulna. The two bones are joined together by a high collagen sheet of dense connective tissue. This allows slight movements and flexibility between the two bones. What type of joint is this?
Fibrous syndesmotic joint

AP Tignor 1 (29 decks)

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