Question 10 Midterm

Question 1

Similarities of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of CNS

Answer 1

1. Both part of efferent (motor) division of peripheral nervous system.
2. Both target smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands and well as a lot of the same organs
3. Both involve two motor neurons to reach their targets

Question 2

Differences of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Answer 2

1. Originate from different locations.
   Sympathetic is thoracolumbar

Parasympathetic is craniosacral

2. Parasympathetic: preganglionic fibers are long. Sympathetic: preganglionic fibers are short.
3. Post ganglionic fibers parasympathetic: short

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers: long

3. Ganglia
   Parasympathetic ganglia: within or near visceral effectors

Sympathetic ganglia: close to spinal cord

Question 3

Autonomic tone

Answer 3

Dominance of sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system

Question 4

White matter

Answer 4

Myelinated axons , speed up communication

Question 5

Grey matter

Answer 5

Unmyelinated axons and cell bodies
Makes nuclei

Question 6

Epidural space

Answer 6

contains fat, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Question 7

Layers of spinal cord from superficial to deep

Answer 7

1.Vertebrae,
2.Epidural space(contains fat, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels)
3. Dura mater
4. Arachnoid mater
5. Subarachnoid space (CSF circulation here)
6. Pia mater
7. White matter
8. Grey matter

Question 8

Meninges cover

Answer 8

Surface of brain
Surface of spinal cord

Question 9

Dorsal root function

Answer 9

Sensory information, routes info in afferent direction towards brain

Question 10

Ventral root function

Answer 10

Thinner
Efferent direction.
Mostly motor neurons

Question 11

Dorsal root ganglion

Answer 11

Bodies of sensory neurons

Unipolar, sensory cell bodies packaged in connective tissue. Take sensory info to brain

Question 12

Reflex arc parts

Answer 12

1. Receptor
2. Afferent neuron
3. Interneuron and info processing in CNA
4. Efferent neuron. Communicates with muscle or gland

Question 13

Monosynaptic reflexes

Answer 13

Single synapse between afferent and efferent neuron

Ex. Patellar reflex

Question 14

Only monosynaptic reflexes in the body

Answer 14

Stretch Reflexes

Question 15

Stretch reflex

Answer 15

Cause muscle contraction in response to increased muscle length

Question 16

Polysynaptic reflex

Answer 16

Multiple synapses with chains of interneurons

Question 17

Crossed extensor reflex

Answer 17

Helps maintain balance
Made of ipsilateral withdrawal reflex and contralateral extensor reflex.
Ipsilateral causes you to lift injured foot, contralateral lets opposite leg support the weight being shifted

Question 18

Example of polysynaptic reflex

Answer 18

Crossed extensor reflex

Question 19

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 19

Part of nervous system outside of CNS

Question 20

Nervous system

Answer 20

Fast acting control system that triggers muscle contraction or gland secretion

Question 21

Ganglia

Answer 21

Cell bodies of neurons in PNS

Question 22

Pneumonic for cranial nerve pairs

Answer 22

Oh
Oh
Oh
To
Touch
And
Feel
Very
Green
Vegetables
A
H

Question 23

CN 1

Answer 23

Olfactory

Question 24

CN II

Answer 24

Optic

Question 25

CN III

Answer 25

Oculomotor

Question 26

CN IV

Answer 26

Trochlear