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AP Tignor 1 > Question 8 Midterm > Flashcards

Question 8 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Bridge of fibers. Connects right and left hemispheres. Lets two hemispheres communicate. Reaches into every major cortex. Integrates countless processes

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2
Q

Largest white matter structure in the brain

A

Corpus callosum

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3
Q

Importance of corpus callosum

A

Different functions develop in different hemispheres. However, certain actions can be mapped to a different area and of the brain that wasn’t damaged

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4
Q

Largest commisure in the body

A

Corpus callosum

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5
Q

Sensory cortex location

A

Post central gyrus
Posterior to central sulcus
On parietal lobe

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6
Q

Function of sensory cortex

A

Interprets info from sensory receptors in skin, skeletal muscles and joints

Receive information from skin and proprioceptors
Tell the brain of body’s position in space. Neurons identify the body region being stimulated.

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7
Q

Hypothalamus

A

1.Small, filled with nuclei.
2.Core regulatory center for homeostasis. Controls body temp, thirst hunger.

3.Controls endocrine system function through various hormones

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8
Q

Where do nervous and endocrine systems meet?

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Neurosensory neurons. Located in

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

Neurosensory neurons

A

Release hormones like tropins

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11
Q

Location of hypothalamus

A

Triangle under corpus callosum
Under thalamus, has thalamic adhesion

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12
Q

Where are ADH and oxytocin made?

A

Hypothalamus

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13
Q

ADH function

A

Decrease the amount of urine produced

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14
Q

Hypothesis for psychosomatic illness

A

Increased activity in hypothalamus from stress might increase the activity in hypothalamus governing other functions like blood pressure

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15
Q

Main visceral control center of the body

A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

How do medulla and hypothalamus work together?

A

Hypothalamus gives instructions through giving instructions through medullary reticular centers

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17
Q

Functions of the hypothalamus

A

1.Control autonomic nervous system

2.Initiate physical responses to emotions

3.Regulate body temperature

4.Regulate food intake

5.Regulate water balance and thirst
6.Regulate sleep wake cycles
7.Control endocrine system function

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18
Q

Which structure links emotional responses to changes in autonomic function

A

Hypothalamus

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19
Q

Pituitary gland location

A

At the end of hypothalamus

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20
Q

Infundibulum

A

Connects pituitary gland to diencephalon

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21
Q

Tropins

A

Hormones that cause the release of other hormones into anterior and posterior pituitary

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22
Q

Master gland that controls endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland

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23
Q

Posterior pituitary gland releases

A

ADH and oxytocin

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24
Q

Anterior pituitary gland releases

A

Human growth hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid stimulating hormone

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25
Thalamus
Executive secretary of brain. Passes all sensory info except for smell to the cerebral cortex. Helps direct the activity of motor cortices from the cerebellum and the basal nuclei. Mediates sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning and memory. Gateway to cerebral cortex
26
Thalamus location
Inferior to corpus callosum around thalamic adhesion
27
Thalamic adhesion
Connects both parts of thalamus medially. Flattened band of tissue "Eye"
28
Sorts and edits sensory information ascending to cerebral cortex
Thalamus
29
Cerebral aqueduct
Slender cavity of midbrain. Connects third and fourth ventricles
30
Ventricles
Lateral , 3rd & 4th House choroid plexuses that make CSF
31
CSF
Fluid that circulates in subarachnoid space and in central canal of spinal cord and on surface of spinal cord
32
Function of CSF
1. Maintain ion balance 2. Cushion 3. Remove waste
33
Lateral ventricles location
On each side of the cerebral hemispheres
34
Third ventricle location
In center of brain inferior to corpus callosum. Around thalamic adhesion
35
Fourth ventricle
Provides CSF around base of cerebellum
36
Choroid plexus
Layer of epyndymal cells with capillaries underneath. Astrocytes connect capillaries to epyndymal cells to produce CSF. Capillary knot in brain ventricle, makes CSF. Hang on roofs of ventricles
37
Arachnoid granulations
Brocoli-like structures that lead to the superior sagittal sinus. Allow for the recycling of CSF
38
Brain stem
Rigidly programmed behaviors for survival Grey on inside, white on outside Associated with 10 of the 12 cranial nerves
39
Cerebrum
Cerebral cortex White matter Cerebral hemispheres Basal nuclei
40
Cerebellum
Provides timings and appropriate patterns for skeletal muscle contractions Produces smooth coordinated muscle movement. Aware of our location in space
41
Gyri
Singular raised area
42
Sulci
Fold, smaller than fissure
43
Fissure
Large depression Separates both hemispheres medially
44
Falx cerebri
Meninges dip into longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres. Anteriorly attaches to Crista galli of ethmoid bone
45
Falx cerebelli
In between two parts of cerebellum.
46
Central sulcus
Divides frontal lobe from parietal lobe
47
Lateral sulcus
Separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
48
Transverse fissure
Between cerebrum and cerebellum
49
Cerebral cortex
Site of integration of information. Superficial grey matter
50
Nuclei
Deep pockets of grey matter within white matter or cell bodies in CNS
51
Frontal lobe
Thinking, planning, organizing, problem solving, short term memory
52
Insula
Holds gustatory complex Lobe that hides in plain sight . Deep to temporal lobe. Self awareness, interoception,pain processing
53
Cingulate gyrus
Applies emotional value to experiences that people have Helps remember things under extreme stress PTSD can't let go of memories
54
Limbic system
Cingulate gyrus. Emotional brain. Has hippocampus and amygdala Limbic system
55
Hippocampus
Helps convert information to long term memories
56
Amygdala
Helps control feel good neurotransmitters
57
Primary motor cortex
In precentral gyrus Controls voluntary movement
58
Diencephalon parts
Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Thalamus Infundibulum Epithalamus Pineal gland
59
Epithalamus
Has Pineal gland , secretes melatonin to induce sleep
60
Limbic system
Emotional brain. Triggers emotional responses
61
Pons
Bridge, connects medulla with midbrain. Connects upper and lower central nervous system
62
Medulla oblongata
Most inferior part of brain stem Autonomic reflex center that helps keep homeostasis. Cardiovascular center,(cardiac acceleration, cardiac deceleration) respiratory centers, sneezing, vomiting, hiccups, swallow and coughing Vasomotor center
63
Midbrain
Relay sensory and motor information between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain. Houses corpora quadrigemina
64
Vasomotor center
Controls regulation of blood vessel resistance In medulla oblongata
65
Midbrain location
Between diencephalon and pons
66
Corpora quadrigemina
Houses the visual and auditory reflex centers
67
Superior colliculi
Visual reflex centers
68
Inferior colliculi
Auditory reflex centers
69
Reticular formation
Keeps cerebral cortex alert and conscious Filters out repetitive stimuli Enhances excitability of cerebral cortex
70
Spinal cord
Collection of neurons and glial cells. Called spinal cord after medulla oblongata exits the foramen magnum

AP Tignor 1 (29 decks)

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