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AP Tignor 1 > Question 8 Midterm > Flashcards

Question 8 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Bridge of fibers. Connects right and left hemispheres. Lets two hemispheres communicate. Reaches into every major cortex. Integrates countless processes

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2
Q

Largest white matter structure in the brain

A

Corpus callosum

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3
Q

Importance of corpus callosum

A

Different functions develop in different hemispheres. However, certain actions can be mapped to a different area and of the brain that wasn’t damaged

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4
Q

Largest commisure in the body

A

Corpus callosum

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5
Q

Sensory cortex location

A

Post central gyrus
Posterior to central sulcus
On parietal lobe

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6
Q

Function of sensory cortex

A

Interprets info from sensory receptors in skin, skeletal muscles and joints

Receive information from skin and proprioceptors
Tell the brain of body’s position in space. Neurons identify the body region being stimulated.

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7
Q

Hypothalamus

A

1.Small, filled with nuclei.
2.Core regulatory center for homeostasis. Controls body temp, thirst hunger.

3.Controls endocrine system function through various hormones

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8
Q

Where do nervous and endocrine systems meet?

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Neurosensory neurons. Located in

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

Neurosensory neurons

A

Release hormones like tropins

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11
Q

Location of hypothalamus

A

Triangle under corpus callosum
Under thalamus, has thalamic adhesion

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12
Q

Where are ADH and oxytocin made?

A

Hypothalamus

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13
Q

ADH function

A

Decrease the amount of urine produced

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14
Q

Hypothesis for psychosomatic illness

A

Increased activity in hypothalamus from stress might increase the activity in hypothalamus governing other functions like blood pressure

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15
Q

Main visceral control center of the body

A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

How do medulla and hypothalamus work together?

A

Hypothalamus gives instructions through giving instructions through medullary reticular centers

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17
Q

Functions of the hypothalamus

A

1.Control autonomic nervous system

2.Initiate physical responses to emotions

3.Regulate body temperature

4.Regulate food intake

5.Regulate water balance and thirst
6.Regulate sleep wake cycles
7.Control endocrine system function

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18
Q

Which structure links emotional responses to changes in autonomic function

A

Hypothalamus

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19
Q

Pituitary gland location

A

At the end of hypothalamus

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20
Q

Infundibulum

A

Connects pituitary gland to diencephalon

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21
Q

Tropins

A

Hormones that cause the release of other hormones into anterior and posterior pituitary

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22
Q

Master gland that controls endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland

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23
Q

Posterior pituitary gland releases

A

ADH and oxytocin

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24
Q

Anterior pituitary gland releases

A

Human growth hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid stimulating hormone

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25
Q

Thalamus

A

Executive secretary of brain. Passes all sensory info except for smell to the cerebral cortex.

Helps direct the activity of motor cortices from the cerebellum and the basal nuclei.

Mediates sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning and memory. Gateway to cerebral cortex

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26
Q

Thalamus location

A

Inferior to corpus callosum around thalamic adhesion

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27
Q

Thalamic adhesion

A

Connects both parts of thalamus medially. Flattened band of tissue

“Eye”

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28
Q

Sorts and edits sensory information ascending to cerebral cortex

A

Thalamus

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29
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Slender cavity of midbrain. Connects third and fourth ventricles

30
Q

Ventricles

A

Lateral , 3rd & 4th
House choroid plexuses that make CSF

31
Q

CSF

A

Fluid that circulates in subarachnoid space and in central canal of spinal cord and on surface of spinal cord

32
Q

Function of CSF

A
  1. Maintain ion balance
  2. Cushion
  3. Remove waste
33
Q

Lateral ventricles location

A

On each side of the cerebral hemispheres

34
Q

Third ventricle location

A

In center of brain inferior to corpus callosum.
Around thalamic adhesion

35
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

Provides CSF around base of cerebellum

36
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Layer of epyndymal cells with capillaries underneath. Astrocytes connect capillaries to epyndymal cells to produce CSF.
Capillary knot in brain ventricle, makes CSF.
Hang on roofs of ventricles

37
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

Brocoli-like structures that lead to the superior sagittal sinus. Allow for the recycling of CSF

38
Q

Brain stem

A

Rigidly programmed behaviors for survival

Grey on inside, white on outside

Associated with 10 of the 12 cranial nerves

39
Q

Cerebrum

A

Cerebral cortex
White matter
Cerebral hemispheres
Basal nuclei

40
Q

Cerebellum

A

Provides timings and appropriate patterns for skeletal muscle contractions

Produces smooth coordinated muscle movement. Aware of our location in space

41
Q

Gyri

A

Singular raised area

42
Q

Sulci

A

Fold, smaller than fissure

43
Q

Fissure

A

Large depression
Separates both hemispheres medially

44
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Meninges dip into longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres. Anteriorly attaches to Crista galli of ethmoid bone

45
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

In between two parts of cerebellum.

46
Q

Central sulcus

A

Divides frontal lobe from parietal lobe

47
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

Separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

48
Q

Transverse fissure

A

Between cerebrum and cerebellum

49
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Site of integration of information. Superficial grey matter

50
Q

Nuclei

A

Deep pockets of grey matter within white matter or cell bodies in CNS

51
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Thinking, planning, organizing, problem solving, short term memory

52
Q

Insula

A

Holds gustatory complex

Lobe that hides in plain sight . Deep to temporal lobe. Self awareness, interoception,pain processing

53
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Applies emotional value to experiences that people have
Helps remember things under extreme stress

PTSD can’t let go of memories

54
Q

Limbic system

A

Cingulate gyrus. Emotional brain. Has hippocampus and amygdala
Limbic system

55
Q

Hippocampus

A

Helps convert information to long term memories

56
Q

Amygdala

A

Helps control feel good neurotransmitters

57
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

In precentral gyrus
Controls voluntary movement

58
Q

Diencephalon parts

A

Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Infundibulum
Epithalamus
Pineal gland

59
Q

Epithalamus

A

Has Pineal gland , secretes melatonin to induce sleep

60
Q

Limbic system

A

Emotional brain.
Triggers emotional responses

61
Q

Pons

A

Bridge, connects medulla with midbrain. Connects upper and lower central nervous system

62
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Most inferior part of brain stem

Autonomic reflex center that helps keep homeostasis. Cardiovascular center,(cardiac acceleration, cardiac deceleration) respiratory centers, sneezing, vomiting, hiccups, swallow and coughing

Vasomotor center

63
Q

Midbrain

A

Relay sensory and motor information between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain.

Houses corpora quadrigemina

64
Q

Vasomotor center

A

Controls regulation of blood vessel resistance
In medulla oblongata

65
Q

Midbrain location

A

Between diencephalon and pons

66
Q

Corpora quadrigemina

A

Houses the visual and auditory reflex centers

67
Q

Superior colliculi

A

Visual reflex centers

68
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

Auditory reflex centers

69
Q

Reticular formation

A

Keeps cerebral cortex alert and conscious
Filters out repetitive stimuli

Enhances excitability of cerebral cortex

70
Q

Spinal cord

A

Collection of neurons and glial cells. Called spinal cord after medulla oblongata exits the foramen magnum

AP Tignor 1 (29 decks)

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