Midterm Meat

Question 1

Describe the levels of organization and give a few examples of each?

Answer 1

1. Atoms
2. Molecules & compounds
3. Macromolecules
4. Organelles
   5.Cells
5. Tissues
6. Organs
7. Organ systems
8. Organisms

Question 2

Atoms

Answer 2

Smallest part of an element that still retains that element’s properties.
From the Greek atomos which means indivisible.
Made of various subatomic particles including
Protons, neutrons and electrons.

Question 3

Proton

Answer 3

1 amu positive charge

Question 4

Neutron

Answer 4

1 amu no charge

Question 5

Electron

Answer 5

Miniscule 1/2000 amu -1 charge

Question 6

Element

Answer 6

A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions. Has a unique number of protons

Question 7

Molecule

Answer 7

Two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds

Question 8

Compound

Answer 8

Two or more atoms of different elements that are chemically bonded

Question 9

Example of an atom

Answer 9

An individual atom of sodium which is needed to make table salt

Question 10

An example of a molecule is

Answer 10

Water which we need to sustain all like functions

Question 11

Bio macromolecules

Answer 11

Large molecules needed for life functions

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Sugars, starches, cellulose .energy storage.
Made of CHO

Energy source that’s easy to use in the body

Question 13

Formula for monosaccharides

Answer 13

C6H12O6

Question 14

Monomers of carbohydrates

Answer 14

Monosaccharides
One sugar

Question 15

Ratio of carbohydrates

Answer 15

2 H:1O

Question 16

Types of carbohydrates

Answer 16

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 17

Disaccharides

Answer 17

Two sugars

Question 18

Polysaccharides

Answer 18

Many sugars

Question 19

When do carbohydrates become more difficult to dissolve

Answer 19

The larger they are

Question 20

Lipids

Answer 20

Fats. Long term energy storage. Dissolve fat soluble vitamins ADEK phospholipid bilayer.
Hydrophobic

Question 21

Elements that make lipids

Answer 21

CHO

Question 22

Triglyceride

Answer 22

One glycerol
3 fatty acids

Question 23

Proteins

Answer 23

CHON
Makes enzymes, catalase
Make structural components in body like collagen
Transport proteins hemoglobin

Question 24

Example of structural protein

Answer 24

Collagen, most abundant in body, found in all connective tissue

Question 25

Enzyme proteins

Answer 25

Needed for all bodily chemical reactions.

Catalase,
salivary amylase

Question 26

Transport proteins example

Answer 26

Hemoglobin
Carries O2
Or channel proteins

Question 27

Contractile proteins

Answer 27

Myosin and actin cause muscle contraction

Question 28

Communication proteins

Answer 28

Hormones,
Chemical messengers
Insulin. Helps move glucose from blood into cells

Question 29

Defensive proteins

Answer 29

Antibodies,
Bind and inactivate foreign substances

Question 30

Building blocks of proteins

Answer 30

Amino acids

Question 31

Parts of an amino acid

Answer 31

Amine group
R group
Central carbon

Question 32

How many types of aminoacids

Answer 32

20

Question 33

Primary structure of proteins

Answer 33

Aminoacids chain
Order of aminoacids.
Connected by peptide bonds (covalent bonds made by dehydration synthesis)

Question 34

Secondary structure of protein

Answer 34

Alpha Helix or beta pleated sheets. Held by Hydrogen bonds.

Question 35

Describe the 4 levels of protein structure

Answer 35

Primary structure: aminoacid chain
Secondary structure: alpha Helix or beta pleated sheets held in shape by H bonds

Tertiary structure:
Folding of alpha helix or beta pleated sheets. Held by intramolecular bonds. Interaction of R groups

Quarternary structure: two or more polypeptide chains with tertiary structure combine to make a functional protein

Question 36

Tissue types

Answer 36

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 37

Types of epithelial tissue

Answer 37

Covering and lining membranes