Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the viral Genome encapsulated in

A

Capsomere

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2
Q

Virus size

A

From 15nm to 0.5 micro metres

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3
Q

Viral latency

A

Virus lies dormant within a cell

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4
Q

Viral pathogenesis

A

Process by which a viral infections cause disease

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5
Q

Requirements for infection

A

Enough virus, cells accessible, susceptible and permissive, local anti-viral defence absent or overcome

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6
Q

What is the most common route of entry for a virus

A

Respiratory tract – by aerosolise droplets from coughs/sneeze/saliva

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7
Q

Alimentary tract

A

Eating/drinking- an extremely hostile environment, virus must be evolved to with stand it

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8
Q

The Urogenital tract is protected by

A

Mucus and a low pH

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9
Q

The eye and entry routes for bacteria

A

Through the Sclera and conjunctiva- Infection occurs after injury/ophthalmology procedures

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10
Q

Skin outer layer the epidermis doesn’t support

A

Infection

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11
Q

Localised viruses are called

A

Disseminated

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12
Q

When many organs are affected by viruses it is called

A

Systemic

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13
Q

What is haematogenous spread

A

Where the virus enters the blood e.g. measles

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14
Q

What is viremia 

A

Presence of virus in the blood e.g. influenza, polio

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15
Q

What is neural spread

A

Viral entry into local nerve endings they invade the central nervous system e.g. polio virus, rabies

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16
Q

What is neurotropic

A

Virus can infect neural cells

17
Q

What is tissue tropism

A

Tissues are affected by viruses

18
Q

What is pantropic

A

Can invade many different tissues e.g. ebola

19
Q

Determent of tissue tropism include

A

Cellular protease involved in maturation of virions

20
Q

What is viral virulence

A

How bad is it going to get – the significance of the disease

21
Q

What is LD50

A

Lethal dose 50 is quantitative- how long the appearance of symptoms have been, the mean time of death since infection, measurement of fever

22
Q

If the virus can replicate quicker and spread more effectively it increases the

A

Virulence

23
Q

Genius and as affects the variance because we send out

A

Virokines and viroceptors

24
Q

Virus host interactions stops

A

Virus hijacking as the cells and virus both evolve

25
Q

Zoonotic viruses spread from

A

Animals to humans

26
Q

Tests for viruses

A

Use a microscope or culture
Detection of Antibody mounted against the virus or viral proteins of nucleic acid- Immunofluorescent and Elisa test Automation and random access analyser
Viral nucleic acid detection- PCR

27
Q

How do you prevent the spread of viral disease

A

Use PPE, gloves and masks, vaccines, chemoprophylaxis, immunoprophylaxis, social intervention, hygiene

28
Q

Seven stages of virus replication

A
Adsorption 
Entry
Uncoating
Transcription – mRNA production
Synthesis of virus components 
Virgin assembly and release (liberation stage)
Adsorption 
29
Q

Horizontal transmission

A

Between members of the same species

30
Q

Zoonotic transmission

A

Between members of different species

31
Q

Latrogenic

A

Activity of healthcare worker leads to infection or patient

32
Q

Nosocomial

A

When an individual is infected while in hospital or healthcare facility

33
Q

Vertical transmission

A

Transfer of infection between parent and offspring

34
Q

Germline transmission

A

Agent is transmitted as part of the genome