Laboratory Features Of Bacteria, Viruses & Fungi

Question 1

How do you use a urine dip test to check for bacteria

Answer 1

Count the amount of white blood cells and see if there is bacteria

Question 2

What do you have to select the right one of to culture the bacteria

Answer 2

The right agar plate e.g. blood, chocolate, CLED agar

Question 3

How long does it take to get an accurate idea of the bacteria and how to treat it

Answer 3

48 hours

Question 4

How long is the incubation period to see the bacteria

Answer 4

Around 24 hours

Question 5

A better antibiotic has a bigger

Answer 5

Zone of inhibition

Question 6

When taking a bacteria sample you want it from

Answer 6

A sterile site e.g. cerebrospinal fluid

Question 7

Sputum is a non-

Answer 7

Sterile site

Question 8

Why is TB staining different and what do use

Answer 8

You use Zeihl Nelson stain so it is fluorescent and you can now count how many bacteria there are

Question 9

How are parasites diagnosed

Answer 9

By direct visualisation

Question 10

What do you need for microscopy

Answer 10

A sample from a sterile site and one pathogen, use gram staining for bacteria

Question 11

What microscope do you use for viruses

Answer 11

Electron microscope

Question 12

Once you have got your bacteria culture you can

Answer 12

Visualise colonies, quantify bacteria, purification, do antibiotics susceptibility testing (which is the disk with the ring of zone of inhibition)

Question 13

API test is only used for

Answer 13

Gram-negative bacteria

Question 14

What is serology

Answer 14

The detection of antibodies

Question 15

What is molecular techniques

Answer 15

PCR which is where a small sequence of DNA is amplified and used for further testing

Question 16

Stages of PCR

Answer 16

Denaturation – heat to 95° C to get single strand of DNA
Annealing of primers – at 50 to 70° C primers bind to their complimentary sequence
Extension of DNA molecules – at 72°C for up to 3 minutes, DNA polymerase binds to the annealed primers and extends the DNA from the 3 end of the chain

Question 17

What is latency

Answer 17

The ability of infection to remain dormant for long periods of time before reactivation

Question 18

Tissue culture can test for

Answer 18

Intra cellular organisms

Question 19

Coccus

Answer 19

Round

Question 20

Bacillus

Answer 20

Cylinder like

Question 21

Vibrio

Answer 21

Curved cylinder

Question 22

Coccobacillus

Answer 22

Oval shape

Question 23

Spirillium

Answer 23

Loose spiral

Question 24

Spirochete

Answer 24

Spiral shaped bacteria

Question 25

Micrococci

Answer 25

One bacteria

Question 26

Diplococcus

Answer 26

2 bacteria together

Question 27

Streptococci

Answer 27

Bacteria in a chain

Question 28

Staphylococcus

Answer 28

Bacteria in a triangle

Question 29

Tetracocci

Answer 29

Bacteria in a 4 cube like pattern

Question 30

Sarcine

Answer 30

Bacteria in a ball shape

Question 31

Gram positive characteristics

Answer 31

Have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall and stain purple

Question 32

Gram-negative bacteria characteristics

Answer 32

Thin peptidoglycan cell wall and stain red