B Cells & Innate Immunity

Question 1

Barriers in innate immunity

Answer 1

Skin, cilia, mucus, gut with a low pH

Question 2

Pattern recognition receptors detect

Answer 2

Antigens non-specifically using PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) 

Question 3

Example of a pattern recognition receptors

Answer 3

Toll like receptors

Question 4

Example of a pathogen associated molecular pattern

Answer 4

LPS from outer membrane of gram negative bacteria, Peptidoglycan found in gram positive cell wall

Question 5

Cells in innate immune system

Answer 5

Macrophage, neutrophil, basophils, dendritic cell, eosinophil

Question 6

Soluble factors that play in innate immunity

Answer 6

Compliment, lysozyme – destroy bacteria cell wall, cytokines

Question 7

Somatic recombination contribute to

Answer 7

Antibody diversity

Question 8

Chains of antibodies are put together by

Answer 8

Splicing variable, diversity, joining and constant gene segments together

Question 9

Somatic recombination requires

Answer 9

Recombination activation enzymes – RAGS

Question 10

The heavy chain of an antibody is formed from

Answer 10

V, day, J and C

Question 11

The light-chain of an antibody lacks

Answer 11

D which is diversity

Question 12

Somatic recombination creates loads of

Answer 12

Different options of antibodies allowing immune system to respond to a variety of pathogens

Question 13

Affinity maturation involves

Answer 13

Minor changes in the amino acid sequence of the variable domain in the mature B-cell once it encounters antigens for the first time

Question 14

What is the primary immune response

Answer 14

When you first encounter the pathogen, it is slower and has lag time

Question 15

What is the secondary immune response

Answer 15

Lots of antibodies are made very quickly

Question 16

Steps of pattern recognition receptors

Answer 16

Attachment by pattern recognition receptors
Pseudopodia forming a phagosome
Granule fusion and killing
Release of microbial products

Question 17

Pattern recognition receptors

Answer 17

Bind to a limited array of pathogen associated molecular patterns
They respond to PAMPS that may be protein, carbohydrates or lipids based
They exhibit no molecular memory or ability to improve/adapt during an immune response
Genes are entirely germline encoded

Question 18

Adaptive response receptors

Answer 18

Bind to a potentially infinite array of pathogen associated peptides
Antigens are always protein peptides (T cells) and very occasionally carbohydrates or lipids (B cells)
They induce molecular memory and exhibit an ability to improve/adapt during the immune response
Gene editing result in modification to the genome in somatic immune cells