B Cells & Innate Immunity Flashcards
Barriers in innate immunity
Skin, cilia, mucus, gut with a low pH
Pattern recognition receptors detect
Antigens non-specifically using PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) 
Example of a pattern recognition receptors
Toll like receptors
Example of a pathogen associated molecular pattern
LPS from outer membrane of gram negative bacteria, Peptidoglycan found in gram positive cell wall
Cells in innate immune system
Macrophage, neutrophil, basophils, dendritic cell, eosinophil
Soluble factors that play in innate immunity
Compliment, lysozyme – destroy bacteria cell wall, cytokines
Somatic recombination contribute to
Antibody diversity
Chains of antibodies are put together by
Splicing variable, diversity, joining and constant gene segments together
Somatic recombination requires
Recombination activation enzymes – RAGS
The heavy chain of an antibody is formed from
V, day, J and C
The light-chain of an antibody lacks
D which is diversity
Somatic recombination creates loads of
Different options of antibodies allowing immune system to respond to a variety of pathogens
Affinity maturation involves
Minor changes in the amino acid sequence of the variable domain in the mature B-cell once it encounters antigens for the first time
What is the primary immune response
When you first encounter the pathogen, it is slower and has lag time
What is the secondary immune response
Lots of antibodies are made very quickly
Steps of pattern recognition receptors
Attachment by pattern recognition receptors
Pseudopodia forming a phagosome
Granule fusion and killing
Release of microbial products
Pattern recognition receptors
Bind to a limited array of pathogen associated molecular patterns
They respond to PAMPS that may be protein, carbohydrates or lipids based
They exhibit no molecular memory or ability to improve/adapt during an immune response
Genes are entirely germline encoded
Adaptive response receptors
Bind to a potentially infinite array of pathogen associated peptides
Antigens are always protein peptides (T cells) and very occasionally carbohydrates or lipids (B cells)
They induce molecular memory and exhibit an ability to improve/adapt during the immune response
Gene editing result in modification to the genome in somatic immune cells
