Microscopic Anatomy Flashcards
Histology
Study of tissues
Ectoderm
Outer most layer- hair, nails, skin
Mesoderm
Middle layer- Circulatory system, lungs, musculoskeletal
Endoderm
Innermost layer – digestive system, glands
What does epithelial tissue have
Cells, basement membrane, avescular (has no blood vessels)
Epithelial tissue function
Filtration, absorption, secretion, protection
Epithelial tissue specialisations
Cell junctions, Cilia, glands
What is the epithelial lining split into
Complex and simple
What are complex epithelium linings
Stratified, pseudostratified, transitional
What are the simple epithelium linings
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
How are epithelium names given
Name the top layer of cells
What do you cell junctions have
Gap junctions, tight junctions, anchoring junctions
What is in a protective layer
Cilia, microvilli, keratin
What type of glands are there in the epithelial cells
Exocrine gland- via ducts (eg. sweat saliva and breastmilk)
Endocrine gland- ductless and secretes directly into the blood eg. thyroid, pituitary
What do glands do
Secrete mucus
What is autophagy
It’s an immune reaction which protects babies from infection
Autophagy disorders
Lysosomal disorders, heart disorders, cancer and autoimmune diseases
What does connective-tissue have
Cells, fibres, ground substance
Connective tissue function
Bind cells and organs together, provide strength stability and repair
Loose Areola connective tissue
Binds tissues to one another, for protection and nourishment. They are beneath the skin around the vessels
What is Adipose
That cells in ground substance
What is Adipose function
Empty space in the body, fat stores, kidney cushioning
What is reticular
Delicate fibres in internal organs eg liver and spleen
Dense and regular connective tissue
They are strong and flexible Eg tendons and ligaments
Dense and irregular connective tissue is
Often Scar tissue and is strong anchorage and support
Elastic connective tissue does what
Stretch, recoil, gives elasticity to tissues
What does Cartilage have
Cells, fibres, ground substances
Types of cartilage
Hyaline, fibro, elastic
Bone has … which makes it
Modified connective tissue which makes it compact, trabecular bone
What does blood have
Fluid ground substance, cells, fibres
Squamous cells location and function
In the heart, lungs, blood vessels (endothelium), membranes (mesothelium). The function are for diffusion, filtration, secretion
Cuboidal cells location and function
In the glands and kidney tubules. They are for secretion and absorption
Columnar cells function and location
In the gastrointestinal tract and uterine tubes. The function is for absorption and secretion
Simple cell subtypes
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Stratified cell subtypes
Squamous that are both keratinised and nonkeratinise- found in the skin mouth and vagina and protects against injury
Transitional sells location and function
Urinary system so the bladder and Urethra. It allows stretching of the lining
Pseudostratified cells subtypes, location and function
Ciliated are found in the trachea and most of the respiratory tract. They help propel mucus and particles
