Gene Expression Flashcards
Central dogma
DNA coding to proteins
What does RNA have
Uracil (GCAU), ribose sugar and some are single stranded
You take the sense to template strand from
5 to 3
Transcription steps
RNA polymerase opens up DNA, read template strand which requires Ribnucleoside triphosphate
rRNA
Ribosomal RNA
MiRNA
Protein coding genes
What are promoter regions
Specific sequence allows binding of RNA polymerase
Transcription factors bind to
TATA and recruit RNA onto promoter
What can activate transcription
Phosphorylation
What does RNA splicing do
Remove introns and glue Exons together
Start and stop codons are both
Exons
What defines introns
Uniques sequence
Generation of a lariot is
Axons put together
What generate variance of a gene
Splicing
In translation if the reading frame shifts it causes
Different proteins
What do used to read mRNA
TRNA
What reads mRNA codon
Anticodon loop
The ribosome has 2
Subunits one large and one small which is made from proteins and RRNA
Steps to control gene expression
Stop making mRNA
Stop splicing process
Stop transport of mRNA
MiRNA
Non coding RNAs
50% are processed from introns
Short
MiRNA cause
Transcriptional repression by degrading mRNA targets, as they bind to target mRNA complimentary to break down, this helps control gene expression
Loss of MiRNA causes
Loss of transcriptional control and cancer
What acts as a switch for transcription
Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase
MRNA is read in groups of
Three bases or codons which make up the reading frame
Each codon encodes a particular
Amino acid
