Intellectual Development In Children Flashcards
Piagets theory
Child’s mind is a miniature version of adults
Piagets stage model
Sensorimotor
Pre- operations
Concrete operations
Formal operations
Sensorimotor
0-2 years
Infants think by doing and they don’t think symbolically
Pre operations
2-7 years
Symbols are used
Thinking is not logical
Children are egocentric
Concrete operations
7-12 years
Thinking become logical but is not yet abstract
Perspectives of other can be understood
Formal operations
12+ years
Abstract thinking develops
Thinking becomes multidimensional
Object permanence
The object is there physically but once left it no longer exists in the child’s mind
Vygotskys theory
That social interaction is important for cognitive development
Zone of proximal development
Development depends on independence and help given – this is carefully balanced
What is scaffolding
Building on existing skills, helping kids get there by breaking it down
Children matched with peer verse Adult experiment
The child matched with the peer had good problem-solving, but not much planning and success was low.
The child matched with the adult completed the task quicker and it was more planned
What is metacognition
Thinking about thinking
At what age are kids aware of mental processes
Approximately four years old
What condition can lead to impairment in intellectual development
Autism spectrum disorder
Children’s understanding of illness depends on
Their symptoms whether they are abstract or concrete
Why do children misunderstand
Because they have a lack of relevant info
Children can’t understand
Causes diagnosis and cure but can communicate their feelings
How do you measure pain with a child
Ask them as this is subjective, you can use a visual or numerical scale and also by their observational/behavioural/physiological symptoms
What are the steps in Bibace and Walsh’s model for children’s explanation of illness
Phenomenism, Contagion, contamination, internalisation, physiological, psychophysiological
Phenomenism
Particular object Are believe to cause illness but there is no sense of the mechanism involved
Age 2-4
Contagion
Illness is caused by proximity to ill people or to particular objects
4-7 years
Contamination
Illness is caused by physical contact with an ill person illness may be viewed as punishment for miss behaviour
7-9 years old
Internalisation
9-11 years
Illness is located within the body but may be caused by external factors e.g. people getting colds from being cold
Physiological
11-16 years
Illness is caused by malfunctions in organs or systems which may be due to infections
Psychophysiological
16+ years
Psychological factors like stress and fatigue can affect physiological processes rather than only being an outcome
