DNA & Inheritance

Question 1

What is meiosis

Answer 1

Sexual reproduction of gametes

Question 2

What does each parent contribute in meiosis

Answer 2

One gamete which is made up of 23 chromosomes

Question 3

Chromosomes are homologous which means

Answer 3

They are similar

Question 4

Gametes are haploid which means

Answer 4

They have one set of chromosomes from each parent

Question 5

Are somatic cells identical

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What happens in meiosis one

Answer 6

DNA is replicated, recombination and cell division

Question 7

What happens in meiosis two

Answer 7

Further cell division

Question 8

What is chiasma

Answer 8

The exchange of genetic information between pair of chromosomes

Question 9

What is recombinant chromatids

Answer 9

It is the crossing over of sister chromatids in a reciprocal exchange

Question 10

What stages are in miosis one

Answer 10

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 11

What does meiosis two do

Answer 11

Separate single sister chromatids

Question 12

What are the types of meiotic errors

Answer 12

Recombination errors, nondisjunction

Question 13

What happens in recombination errors

Answer 13

Gene duplicates and two inversions and translations

Question 14

What happens in nondisjunction errors

Answer 14

Results in trisomy e.g. down syndrome

Question 15

How does DNA go from normal to mutant

Answer 15

Normal -> mutation -> mutant
. /
Repair

Question 16

What is DNA damage

Answer 16

A mutation in the sequence of DNA

Question 17

Mutations can occur in the

Answer 17

Germline or soma

Question 18

Mutations can be positive or

Answer 18

Negative or neutral

Question 19

How fast are mutation rates

Answer 19

Generally slow

Question 20

Germline mutations produce

Answer 20

Heritable linage

Question 21

Types of a pair of DNA

Answer 21

Base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, recombination repair

Question 22

What enzyme can you use to repair DNA

Answer 22

Polymerase for exonuclease activity can be used to remove by going from the 3 to 5 stand (opposite way to DNA replication)

Question 23

What is recombination repair

Answer 23

Using other alleles to make a new part of a gene

Question 24

What mutations happen in cystic fibrosis

Answer 24

Mutations in the Cl- channel causes mucus to build up and channel is locked, that means CL – can’t be transported outside the cell. Patient becomes more susceptible to pathogens