Viral Neurological Disease

Question 1

what signs are associated with canine distemper virus?

Answer 1

fever
oculonasal discharge
conjunctivitis
pharyngitis
enlarged tonsils
pneumonia with or without neurologic symptoms
+/- vomiting and diarrhea

Question 2

which cells does canine distemper virus target?

Answer 2

epithelial cells
lymphocytes
neurons, astrocytes

Question 3

what signs are associated with canine distemper virus attacking epithelial cells?

Answer 3

conjunctivitis
upper respiratory
pneumonia
enamel hypoplasia
hyperkeratosis

Question 4

what do individuals with adequate immunity get with canine distemper virus?

Answer 4

minimal or mild signs
recovery with viral clearance

Question 5

what do individuals with inadequate immunity get with canine distemper virus?

Answer 5

no antibodies: severe disease, usually neurologic disease and death
few antibodies: severe signs but survival with slow or partial viral clearance, prolonged shedding (60 days)

Question 6

what can you see with persistent canine distemper virus infection?

Answer 6

hyperkeratosis
segmental enamel hypoplasia

Question 7

what type of virus is canine distemper virus?

Answer 7

morbillivirus

Question 8

how is canine distemper virus transmitted?

Answer 8

highly contagious
ocular/respiratory secretions with direct or aerosol
+/- urine/feces

Question 9

who are the primary hosts of canine distemper virus?

Answer 9

young dogs

Question 10

what are the hosts for canine distemper virus?

Answer 10

young dogs primarily
other canids, raccoons, bears, skunks, felids

Question 11

what did borna disease emerge as?

Answer 11

a cause of neurologic disease in cats

Question 12

what is another name for borna disease?

Answer 12

borna staggers/staggering disease

Question 13

what does borna disease reflect?

Answer 13

infection with a neuronotropic virus and inflammation in the CNS

Question 14

how is borna virus controlled?

Answer 14

no vaccine
quarantine and disinfection

Question 15

how is West Nile virus transmitted?

Answer 15

mosquitos

Question 16

since 1999, ___________________ has become an important neurologic disease of North America in humans, mammals, and birds

Answer 16

West Nile virus

Question 17

what are the signs of West Nile virus?

Answer 17

anorexia
depression
ataxia
head-pressing
circling
seizures
coma

Question 18

what is the genome of west nile virus?

Answer 18

ssRNA

Question 19

what genus is the west nile virus?

Answer 19

flavivirus

Question 20

is there a vaccine for west nile virus?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

what are the clinical signs of equine encephalitides?

Answer 21

depression
abnormally wide stance
head pressing
teeth grinding

Question 22

how is equine encephalitides transmitted?

Answer 22

mosquitos

Question 23

what is the genome of equine encephalitides?

Answer 23

ssRNA

Question 24

how is equine encephalitides transmitted?

Answer 24

arthropods

Question 25

where in the cell does equine encephalitides replicate?

Answer 25

cytoplasm

Question 26

what cells does eastern equine encephalitides target? what is the mortality due to this?

Answer 26

neutrophils 90% mortality

Question 27

what is chickungunya?

Answer 27

human emerging pathogen togaviridae

Question 28

what is pseudorabies or aujeszky's disease or mad itch?

Answer 28

usually respiratory and neurological disease of swine

Question 29

what does pseudorabies or aujeszky's disease or mad itch resemble?

Answer 29

rabies

Question 30

what is the distinguishing feature of pseudorabies or aujeszky's disease or mad itch?

Answer 30

intense pruritus

Question 31

what is the genome of pseudorabies?

Answer 31

linear dsDNA virus

Question 32

what is the virus of pseudorabies?

Answer 32

suid (porcine) herpesvirus-1 (SHV-1)

Question 33

does pseudorabies infect horses and humans?

Answer 33

no

Question 34

what is the reservoir of pseudorabies?

Answer 34

carrier swine

Question 35

how is pseudorabies shed?

Answer 35

saliva nasal secretions milk semen

Question 36

in which cells does pseudorabies replicate?

Answer 36

oronasal epithelium and tonsils spreads to lymph nods and then travels to CNS along cranial nerves

Question 37

does the pseudorabies vaccine prevent infection?

Answer 37

no does prevent shedding and transplacental transmission

Question 38

what is the genome of rabies?

Answer 38

ssRNA

Question 39

where does the rabies virus replicate?

Answer 39

cytoplasm

Question 40

what protein induces neutralizing antibodies?

Answer 40

glycoprotein (used for vaccine)

Question 41

what is the replication progression of rabies?

Answer 41

local replication in myocytes then spreads to peripheral nerve endings using nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 42

what is the general progression of signs with rabies?

Answer 42

CNS signs primarily behavioral then paralytic then death

Question 43

what happens with neurons in rabies?

Answer 43

neuronal apoptosis and necrosis

Question 44

what are the inclusion bodies of rabies?

Answer 44

negri body

Question 45

are there antemortem tests for rabies in animals?

Answer 45

no

Question 46

what family is the maedi-visna/ovine progressive pneumonia virus?

Answer 46

retroviridae

Question 47

what is the genome of maedi-visna?

Answer 47

ssRNA

Question 48

what is the incubation period of maedi/visna?

Answer 48

up to 8 years

Question 49

where does maedi impact?

Answer 49

lung smooth muscle

Question 50

what are infection rates of caprine arthritis and encephalitis like in the US?

Answer 50

high rates: up to 80%

Question 51

what family is caprine arthritis and encephalitis?

Answer 51

retroviridae

Question 52

is pseudorabies zoonotic?

Answer 52

no does not infect horses or humans

Question 53

what are the two forms of infection with canine distemper virus?

Answer 53

acute persistent

Question 54

how is canine distemper virus shed?

Answer 54

ocular and respiratory secretions

Question 55

what do the unusual syndromes of borna disease include?

Answer 55

behavioral changes obesity

Question 56

what cells does borna disease infect?

Answer 56

neurons and glial cells

Question 57

what are the reservoirs of borna disease?

Answer 57

birds and possibly rodents

Question 58

mutations in structural and non-structural proteins of west nile virus are associated with

Answer 58

neuroinvasiveness

Question 59

what distinguishes venezuelan equine encephalitides?

Answer 59

depletion of bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, pancreatic necrosis mortality 50-80%

Question 60

how is equine encephalitides transmitted?

Answer 60

birds through mosquitoes not horse to horse or horse to mosquito

Question 61

are behavioral and aggression alterations typically with pseudorabies?

Answer 61

no

Question 62

what is required for pseudorabies to invade nerve cells?

Answer 62

viral glycoprotein D

Question 63

is suid herpes virus 1 shed in urine or feces?

Answer 63

no

Question 64

what does nucleoprotein participate in with rabies?

Answer 64

cell-mediated immunity

Question 65

what does phosphoprotein with rabies contribute to?

Answer 65

retrograde axonal transport by interacting with host LC8, a microtubule motor protein

Question 66

are there clinical signs when rabies is locally replicating and spreading to peripheral nerves?

Answer 66

no

Question 67

when do the clinical signs of salivation and pharyngeal paralysis occur with rabies?

Answer 67

when virus exits down axons again and exits out many tissues, especially salivary gland

Question 68

what are the cell targets of infection for ovine progressive pneumonia?

Answer 68

monocytes/macrophages immune cells

Question 69

in whom does segmented enamel hypoplasia occur?

Answer 69

some recovered dogs of acute canine distemper virus