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Veterinary Infectious Diseases > Viral Neurological Disease > Flashcards

Viral Neurological Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what signs are associated with canine distemper virus?

A

fever
oculonasal discharge
conjunctivitis
pharyngitis
enlarged tonsils
pneumonia with or without neurologic symptoms
+/- vomiting and diarrhea

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2
Q

which cells does canine distemper virus target?

A

epithelial cells
lymphocytes
neurons, astrocytes

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3
Q

what signs are associated with canine distemper virus attacking epithelial cells?

A

conjunctivitis
upper respiratory
pneumonia
enamel hypoplasia
hyperkeratosis

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4
Q

what do individuals with adequate immunity get with canine distemper virus?

A

minimal or mild signs
recovery with viral clearance

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5
Q

what do individuals with inadequate immunity get with canine distemper virus?

A

no antibodies: severe disease, usually neurologic disease and death
few antibodies: severe signs but survival with slow or partial viral clearance, prolonged shedding (60 days)

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6
Q

what can you see with persistent canine distemper virus infection?

A

hyperkeratosis
segmental enamel hypoplasia

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7
Q

what type of virus is canine distemper virus?

A

morbillivirus

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8
Q

how is canine distemper virus transmitted?

A

highly contagious
ocular/respiratory secretions with direct or aerosol
+/- urine/feces

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9
Q

who are the primary hosts of canine distemper virus?

A

young dogs

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10
Q

what are the hosts for canine distemper virus?

A

young dogs primarily
other canids, raccoons, bears, skunks, felids

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11
Q

what did borna disease emerge as?

A

a cause of neurologic disease in cats

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12
Q

what is another name for borna disease?

A

borna staggers/staggering disease

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13
Q

what does borna disease reflect?

A

infection with a neuronotropic virus and inflammation in the CNS

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14
Q

how is borna virus controlled?

A

no vaccine
quarantine and disinfection

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15
Q

how is West Nile virus transmitted?

A

mosquitos

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16
Q

since 1999, ___________________ has become an important neurologic disease of North America in humans, mammals, and birds

A

West Nile virus

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17
Q

what are the signs of West Nile virus?

A

anorexia
depression
ataxia
head-pressing
circling
seizures
coma

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18
Q

what is the genome of west nile virus?

A

ssRNA

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19
Q

what genus is the west nile virus?

A

flavivirus

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20
Q

is there a vaccine for west nile virus?

A

yes

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21
Q

what are the clinical signs of equine encephalitides?

A

depression
abnormally wide stance
head pressing
teeth grinding

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22
Q

how is equine encephalitides transmitted?

A

mosquitos

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23
Q

what is the genome of equine encephalitides?

A

ssRNA

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24
Q

how is equine encephalitides transmitted?

A

arthropods

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25
Q

where in the cell does equine encephalitides replicate?

A

cytoplasm

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26
Q

what cells does eastern equine encephalitides target? what is the mortality due to this?

A

neutrophils
90% mortality

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27
Q

what is chickungunya?

A

human emerging pathogen
togaviridae

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28
Q

what is pseudorabies or aujeszky’s disease or mad itch?

A

usually respiratory and neurological disease of swine

29
Q

what does pseudorabies or aujeszky’s disease or mad itch resemble?

A

rabies

30
Q

what is the distinguishing feature of pseudorabies or aujeszky’s disease or mad itch?

A

intense pruritus

31
Q

what is the genome of pseudorabies?

A

linear dsDNA virus

32
Q

what is the virus of pseudorabies?

A

suid (porcine) herpesvirus-1 (SHV-1)

33
Q

does pseudorabies infect horses and humans?

A

no

34
Q

what is the reservoir of pseudorabies?

A

carrier swine

35
Q

how is pseudorabies shed?

A

saliva
nasal secretions
milk
semen

36
Q

in which cells does pseudorabies replicate?

A

oronasal epithelium and tonsils
spreads to lymph nods and then travels to CNS along cranial nerves

37
Q

does the pseudorabies vaccine prevent infection?

A

no
does prevent shedding and transplacental transmission

38
Q

what is the genome of rabies?

A

ssRNA

39
Q

where does the rabies virus replicate?

A

cytoplasm

40
Q

what protein induces neutralizing antibodies?

A

glycoprotein (used for vaccine)

41
Q

what is the replication progression of rabies?

A

local replication in myocytes
then spreads to peripheral nerve endings using nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

42
Q

what is the general progression of signs with rabies?

A

CNS signs
primarily behavioral then paralytic
then death

43
Q

what happens with neurons in rabies?

A

neuronal apoptosis and necrosis

44
Q

what are the inclusion bodies of rabies?

A

negri body

45
Q

are there antemortem tests for rabies in animals?

A

no

46
Q

what family is the maedi-visna/ovine progressive pneumonia virus?

A

retroviridae

47
Q

what is the genome of maedi-visna?

A

ssRNA

48
Q

what is the incubation period of maedi/visna?

A

up to 8 years

49
Q

where does maedi impact?

A

lung
smooth muscle

50
Q

what are infection rates of caprine arthritis and encephalitis like in the US?

A

high rates: up to 80%

51
Q

what family is caprine arthritis and encephalitis?

A

retroviridae

52
Q

is pseudorabies zoonotic?

A

no
does not infect horses or humans

53
Q

what are the two forms of infection with canine distemper virus?

A

acute
persistent

54
Q

how is canine distemper virus shed?

A

ocular and respiratory secretions

55
Q

what do the unusual syndromes of borna disease include?

A

behavioral changes
obesity

56
Q

what cells does borna disease infect?

A

neurons and glial cells

57
Q

what are the reservoirs of borna disease?

A

birds and possibly rodents

58
Q

mutations in structural and non-structural proteins of west nile virus are associated with

A

neuroinvasiveness

59
Q

what distinguishes venezuelan equine encephalitides?

A

depletion of bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, pancreatic necrosis
mortality 50-80%

60
Q

how is equine encephalitides transmitted?

A

birds through mosquitoes
not horse to horse or horse to mosquito

61
Q

are behavioral and aggression alterations typically with pseudorabies?

A

no

62
Q

what is required for pseudorabies to invade nerve cells?

A

viral glycoprotein D

63
Q

is suid herpes virus 1 shed in urine or feces?

A

no

64
Q

what does nucleoprotein participate in with rabies?

A

cell-mediated immunity

65
Q

what does phosphoprotein with rabies contribute to?

A

retrograde axonal transport by interacting with host LC8, a microtubule motor protein

66
Q

are there clinical signs when rabies is locally replicating and spreading to peripheral nerves?

A

no

67
Q

when do the clinical signs of salivation and pharyngeal paralysis occur with rabies?

A

when virus exits down axons again and exits out many tissues, especially salivary gland

68
Q

what are the cell targets of infection for ovine progressive pneumonia?

A

monocytes/macrophages
immune cells

69
Q

in whom does segmented enamel hypoplasia occur?

A

some recovered dogs of acute canine distemper virus

Veterinary Infectious Diseases (29 decks)

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