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Veterinary Infectious Diseases > Curved Bacteria: Lawsonia, Helicobacter, Campylobacter > Flashcards

Curved Bacteria: Lawsonia, Helicobacter, Campylobacter Flashcards

1
Q

what pathogen causes porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE)?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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2
Q

what is the morphology and appearance of Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

slender, curved gram-negative rods

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3
Q

how prevalent in Lawsonia intracellularis in swine?

A

present in feces of most swine herds

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4
Q

what are the three disease forms of Lawsonia intracellularis in swine?

A

necrotic enteritis
porcine intestinal adenomatosis
porcine hemorrhagic enteropathy

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5
Q

what does Lawsonia intracellularis cause in horses?

A

equine proliferative enteropathy

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6
Q

what age of horses are primarily affected by Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

weanlings 3-12 months

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7
Q

what clinical signs are associated with equine proliferative enteropathy?

A

diarrhea
rapid weight loss
colic
subcutaneous edema
lethargy

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8
Q

how can you diagnose Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

clinical signs
PCR but present in most swine herds
histopathology
immunohistochemistry to demonstrate intracellular bacteria in lesions is definitive

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9
Q

how is Lawsonia intracellularis treated and prevented?

A

antimicrobials in water and feed can reduce severity and precent chronic disease
live attenuated vaccine available and oral vaccine under evaluation

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10
Q

what is the morphology and appearance of Campylobacter?

A

thin, curved gram-negative rod
polar flagella, motile
daughter cells adhere to make chains

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11
Q

what causes intestinal campylobacteriosis in dogs and humans?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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12
Q

how is Campylobacter jejuni transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

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13
Q

what is the pathogenesis of Campylobacter?

A

transcellular or paracellular

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14
Q

why is Campylobacter jejuni difficult to diagnose?

A

nonspecific symptoms
intermittent shedding
may be asymptomatic

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15
Q

what does Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis cause?

A

bovine genital campylobacteriosis
bulls asymptomatic
cows can develop mucopurulent endometritis

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16
Q

what is mucopurulent endometritis?

A

early embryonic death
abortion
variable return to fertility

17
Q

how is Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis transmitted?

A

coitus

18
Q

what is the most common cause of ovine genital campylobacteriosis?

A

Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus

19
Q

how is ovine genital campylobacteriosis transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

20
Q

what is the aborted fetus in ovine genital campylobacteriosis usually like?

A

autolyzed
40% with orange-yellow necrotic foci in liver

21
Q

is Campylobacter fetus zoonotic?

A

yes

22
Q

how is Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis treated and prevented?

A

vaccinate prior to breeding season, short-lived immunity
streptomycin can clear infection in bulls
cows typically not treated
artificial insemination

23
Q

how is Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus treated and prevented?

A

tetracyclines may prevent exposed ewes from aborting, lots of resistance
strict hygiene
consistent vaccination, tends to run in 4-5 year cycles

24
Q

what is the appearance of Helicobacter pylori and non-H pylori Helicobacter?

A

slender, curved, gram-negative rod

25
Q

what can Helicobacter pylori cause?

A

gastric ulcers

26
Q

what are the three categories of virulence factors of Helicobacter?

A

colonization
immune escape
disease induction

27
Q

how prevalent is Helicobacter in dogs and cats?

A

up to 100% of vomiting dogs and cats
up to 100% of healthy dogs and cats

28
Q

what should you consider when treating Helicobacter?

A

role of causative agent is unclear
combination of clinical signs of gastritis and Helicobacter presence may warrant treatment
double/triple antimicrobial plus acid suppressants for 2-3 weeks
clinical signs may improve, by difficult to eradicate

29
Q

what are the virulence factors of Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

curved shape
obligate intracellular organism that lives in crypt epithelial cells
other factors poorly understood

30
Q

what is a disease that is similar to porcine proliferative enteritis that is caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A

swine dysentery

31
Q

what is a concern with drugs with Campylobacter jejuni?

A

multidrug resistance

32
Q

how many variants of Campylobacter S-layer microcapsule have been described?

A

eight
antigenic shift

33
Q

is Campylobacter a commensal?

A

yes in many species

34
Q

what are the causes of ovine genital campylobacteriosis?

A

Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus
C. jejuni
C. lari

35
Q

what happens in ovine genital campylobacteriosis?

A

placentitis with hemorrhagic necrotic cotyledons
aborted fetus usually autolyzed
still-born lambs

36
Q

Which Campylobacter species are zoonotic?

A

C. jejuni
C. fetus subsp venerealis
C. fetus subsp fetus
diarrhea, abortion, sepsis in humans

37
Q

what is the treatment for Helicobacter?

A

role as causative agent unclear
double/triple antimicrobial plus acid suppressants 2-3 weeks
difficult to eradicate
only treat if clinical signs and Helicobacter present

Veterinary Infectious Diseases (29 decks)

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