Curved Bacteria: Lawsonia, Helicobacter, Campylobacter

Question 1

what pathogen causes porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE)?

Answer 1

Lawsonia intracellularis

Question 2

what is the morphology and appearance of Lawsonia intracellularis?

Answer 2

slender, curved gram-negative rods

Question 3

how prevalent in Lawsonia intracellularis in swine?

Answer 3

present in feces of most swine herds

Question 4

what are the three disease forms of Lawsonia intracellularis in swine?

Answer 4

necrotic enteritis
porcine intestinal adenomatosis
porcine hemorrhagic enteropathy

Question 5

what does Lawsonia intracellularis cause in horses?

Answer 5

equine proliferative enteropathy

Question 6

what age of horses are primarily affected by Lawsonia intracellularis?

Answer 6

weanlings 3-12 months

Question 7

what clinical signs are associated with equine proliferative enteropathy?

Answer 7

diarrhea
rapid weight loss
colic
subcutaneous edema
lethargy

Question 8

how can you diagnose Lawsonia intracellularis?

Answer 8

clinical signs
PCR but present in most swine herds
histopathology
immunohistochemistry to demonstrate intracellular bacteria in lesions is definitive

Question 9

how is Lawsonia intracellularis treated and prevented?

Answer 9

antimicrobials in water and feed can reduce severity and precent chronic disease
live attenuated vaccine available and oral vaccine under evaluation

Question 10

what is the morphology and appearance of Campylobacter?

Answer 10

thin, curved gram-negative rod
polar flagella, motile
daughter cells adhere to make chains

Question 11

what causes intestinal campylobacteriosis in dogs and humans?

Answer 11

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 12

how is Campylobacter jejuni transmitted?

Answer 12

fecal-oral

Question 13

what is the pathogenesis of Campylobacter?

Answer 13

transcellular or paracellular

Question 14

why is Campylobacter jejuni difficult to diagnose?

Answer 14

nonspecific symptoms
intermittent shedding
may be asymptomatic

Question 15

what does Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis cause?

Answer 15

bovine genital campylobacteriosis
bulls asymptomatic
cows can develop mucopurulent endometritis

Question 16

what is mucopurulent endometritis?

Answer 16

early embryonic death
abortion
variable return to fertility

Question 17

how is Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis transmitted?

Answer 17

coitus

Question 18

what is the most common cause of ovine genital campylobacteriosis?

Answer 18

Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus

Question 19

how is ovine genital campylobacteriosis transmitted?

Answer 19

fecal-oral

Question 20

what is the aborted fetus in ovine genital campylobacteriosis usually like?

Answer 20

autolyzed
40% with orange-yellow necrotic foci in liver

Question 21

is Campylobacter fetus zoonotic?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

how is Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis treated and prevented?

Answer 22

vaccinate prior to breeding season, short-lived immunity
streptomycin can clear infection in bulls
cows typically not treated
artificial insemination

Question 23

how is Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus treated and prevented?

Answer 23

tetracyclines may prevent exposed ewes from aborting, lots of resistance
strict hygiene
consistent vaccination, tends to run in 4-5 year cycles

Question 24

what is the appearance of Helicobacter pylori and non-H pylori Helicobacter?

Answer 24

slender, curved, gram-negative rod

Question 25

what can Helicobacter pylori cause?

Answer 25

gastric ulcers

Question 26

what are the three categories of virulence factors of Helicobacter?

Answer 26

colonization immune escape disease induction

Question 27

how prevalent is Helicobacter in dogs and cats?

Answer 27

up to 100% of vomiting dogs and cats up to 100% of healthy dogs and cats

Question 28

what should you consider when treating Helicobacter?

Answer 28

role of causative agent is unclear combination of clinical signs of gastritis and Helicobacter presence may warrant treatment double/triple antimicrobial plus acid suppressants for 2-3 weeks clinical signs may improve, by difficult to eradicate

Question 29

what are the virulence factors of Lawsonia intracellularis?

Answer 29

curved shape obligate intracellular organism that lives in crypt epithelial cells other factors poorly understood

Question 30

what is a disease that is similar to porcine proliferative enteritis that is caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

Answer 30

swine dysentery

Question 31

what is a concern with drugs with Campylobacter jejuni?

Answer 31

multidrug resistance

Question 32

how many variants of Campylobacter S-layer microcapsule have been described?

Answer 32

eight antigenic shift

Question 33

is Campylobacter a commensal?

Answer 33

yes in many species

Question 34

what are the causes of ovine genital campylobacteriosis?

Answer 34

Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus C. jejuni C. lari

Question 35

what happens in ovine genital campylobacteriosis?

Answer 35

placentitis with hemorrhagic necrotic cotyledons aborted fetus usually autolyzed still-born lambs

Question 36

Which Campylobacter species are zoonotic?

Answer 36

C. jejuni C. fetus subsp venerealis C. fetus subsp fetus diarrhea, abortion, sepsis in humans

Question 37

what is the treatment for Helicobacter?

Answer 37

role as causative agent unclear double/triple antimicrobial plus acid suppressants 2-3 weeks difficult to eradicate only treat if clinical signs and Helicobacter present