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Veterinary Infectious Diseases > Mycobacterial Diseases > Flashcards

Mycobacterial Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

how do cattle get Mycobacteria spp?

A

inhalation
ingestion

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2
Q

what is the hallmark of mycobacterial disease in humans and animals?

A

granuloma

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3
Q

what are some common themes of all mycobacterial diseases?

A

emaciated on physical exam
nodules anywhere on body: physical exam, granulomas on necropsy
thickened tissues: physical exam and necropsy

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4
Q

mycobacteria possess virulence factors that cause ______________________________

A

necrosis/inflammation

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5
Q

what virulence factors do mycobacteria have that promote necrosis?

A

cell wall: trehalose dimycolate
secreted proteins: ESAT-6, CFP-10

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6
Q

how do mycobacteria resist antimicrobial effects of phagosomes?

A

inhibit phagolysosome fusion: poor lysosome acidification

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7
Q

how do mycobacteria impair antigen presentation?

A

diminish expression of MHCI and MHCII

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8
Q

how do mycobacteria live outside of cells?

A

necrotic centers of granulomas

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9
Q

common TB diagnostic tests detect ___________________________________

A

memory T cell responses

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10
Q

how do we interact with bovine tuberculosis and cattle now?

A

test live cattle to identify “reactors” and slaughter
look for granulomas at slaughter: culture, PCR

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11
Q

what is the major reservoir of bovine tuberlucosis in the UK and ireland?

A

badgers

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12
Q

what is the reservoir of bovine tuberculosis in the US?

A

white tailed deer

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13
Q

what type of pneumonia does tuberculosis cause?

A

granulomatous pneumonia

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14
Q

what pathogen causes bovine tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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15
Q

what is the route of infection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in ruminants?

A

fecal-oral: milk from dirty teat
GI tract
Peyer’s patches
macrophages
chronic granulomatous enteritis
wasting
death

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16
Q

what is the signalment and signs of Johne’s disease in cattle?

A

> 2 years old, cachexic
diarrhea, chronic or intermitteent
no mucus, no blood, no tenesmus
no fever

17
Q

is there a vaccine for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle?

A

yes, but not great

18
Q

when is Johne’s disease typically diagnosed?

A

more than 2 years old

19
Q

why may animals take years to show symptoms of Johne’s disease?

A

slowly progressive, wasting

20
Q

why must age be taken into account when choosing diagnostic tests?

A

many tests are less sensitive for animals <18 months

21
Q

who can get Mycobacteria spp via ingestion?

A

humans
cattle
cats

22
Q

who can get Mycobacteria spp via contact?

A

cats
humans

23
Q

what does necrosis contribute to?

A

macrophage death
granuloma necrosis
lung tissue infarction
cavitation
neutrophils
fibrosis

24
Q

how do Mycobacteria achieve metabolic quiescence (latency)?

A

survives nutrient deprivation and hypoxia

25
Q

what protective enzymes do Mycobacteria produce?

A

arginases degrade reactive nitrogen species

26
Q

how do Mycobacteria mannipulate phagocytosis?

A

entry through mannose receptor is anti-inflammatory

27
Q

Mycobacteria can induce antigen-specific tolerant __________

A

T cells

28
Q

what does an indirect ELISA detect for M bovis?

A

antibodies against MPB93 and MPB70

29
Q

what is the reservoir in South Africa of tuberculosis?

A

cape buffalo

30
Q

what has Mycobacterium tuberculosis shown?

A

reverse zoonosis
captive elephants exposed by handlers

31
Q

what are the concerns with tuberculosis?

A

affects many species
public health concern
wildlife conservation concern
food animal concern

32
Q

what is the transmission route for Johne’s disease (Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis)?

A

fecal-oral

33
Q

how is diagnosis of Johne’s disease different than other mycobacterial diseases?

A

test of cell-mediated immunity often does not work well

34
Q

what are the preferred ways to diagnose Johne’s diseasse?

A

PCR or culture
PCR: IS900 unique genetic element in Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis

Veterinary Infectious Diseases (29 decks)

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