Diseases Due to Gram Negative Rods II Flashcards
what are the Yersinia species of animals and humans?
Yersinia pestis
Yersinia enterocolica
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
what is the appearance of Yersinia spp with a gram stain?
gram negative rods
safety pin
what infections does Yersinia cause?
enteric or systemic
who is most susceptible to Yersinia pestis?
cats
how does infection of Yersinia pestis occur?
ingestion of infected rodents
what are the clinical forms of Yersinia pestis?
bubonic
pneumonic
septicemic (often fatal)
true/false: dogs are less likely to develop clinical illness with Yersinia pestis than cats
true
who is the natural reservoir of Yersinia pestis?
rodents
fleas just carriers
who does Yersinia enterocolica impact?
swine
wildlife
humans
who does Yersinia pseudotuberculosis impact?
farmed deer
sheep
goats
cattle
pigs
human
laboratory rodents
what is the pathology of enteric yersiniosis?
necrotic liver
adenopathy
mucosal ulcers
what is the pathogenesis of bubonic plague?
invades macrophages
travels via lymph to blood
replicates in lymph nodes
causes tissue necrosis
what is the appearance of Brucella spp with a gram stain?
gram negative coccobacilli
what region do Brucella spp infect?
reproductive tract of mammals
which Brucella spp do not have LPS?
Brucella ovis
B. canis
where do Brucella spp replicate?
intracellularly in trophoblasts
who does Brucella abortus infect?
bovine
how does Brucella abortus shed?
milk: years
uterine secretions and semen: weeks
how is Brucella abortus transmitted?
ingestion of fecal/fluids/milk
inhalation
coital
skin abrasions
transplacental
what is abortion like in Brucella abortus?
5 months of gestation if first pregnancy
next calves carried to term
does Brucella abortus affect joints?
yes- swollen joints
what happens at the herd level with Brucella abortus?
abortion storms
decreased fertility
decreased milk production
how is Brucella abortus controlled?
treatment ineffective
test and slaughter
vaccination
how prevalent is Brucellosis in domestic livestock in the USA?
nearly eliminated
in whom is Brucella abortus self-sustained?
elk
bison
what does Brucella canis cause in female dogs?
abortions, reduced size litter
reduced fertility
neonatal mortality
what does Brucella canis cause in male dogs?
orchitis and epididymitis
infertility, aspermia
lameness
what does Brucella suis cause?
abortions, stillbirths
neonatal mortality
testicular abnormalities
sterility
lameness, posterior paralysis
what does Brucella melitensis cause?
abortions
orchitis and epididymitis
arthritis
how do you control ovine, caprine, and porcine brucellosis?
vaccination
test
test and slaughter
what is RB51?
attenuated vaccine made of rough mutant Brucella abortus
what is the caveat to the RB51 vaccine?
protects against abortion but not infection: shed in milk is potential for human infection
what do stallions get with Taylorella equigenitalis?
asymptomatic
what do mares get with Taylorella equigenitalis?
contagious equine metritis
25% asymptomatic carriers
are Yersinia spp intracellular?
yes
facultative
what do cats develop with Yersinia pestis?
sub-mandibular lymphadenitis: necrosis, rapture, oozing
how stable is Yersinia spp in the environment?
stable
what are the pathogens of enteric yersiniosis?
Yersinia enterocolica: pigs, wildlife, human
Y. pseudotuberculosis: farmed deer, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, human, laboratory rodents
when does clinical enterocolitis develop with enteric yersiniosis?
environmental and nutritional stress
aree Brucella spp zoonotic?
yes: febrile, chronic undulating illness
how do Brucella spp travel through the body?
invade macrophages
transport to lymph nodes
intermittent bacteriaemia
transport to reproductive organs and associated glands
how is Brucella canis controlled?
antibiotics
neutering
test and remove from breeding
no vaccination
what does Brucella ovis cause?
placentitis
epididymitis
