Diseases Due to Gram Negative Rods II

Question 1

what are the Yersinia species of animals and humans?

Answer 1

Yersinia pestis
Yersinia enterocolica
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Question 2

what is the appearance of Yersinia spp with a gram stain?

Answer 2

gram negative rods
safety pin

Question 3

what infections does Yersinia cause?

Answer 3

enteric or systemic

Question 4

who is most susceptible to Yersinia pestis?

Answer 4

cats

Question 5

how does infection of Yersinia pestis occur?

Answer 5

ingestion of infected rodents

Question 6

what are the clinical forms of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 6

bubonic
pneumonic
septicemic (often fatal)

Question 7

true/false: dogs are less likely to develop clinical illness with Yersinia pestis than cats

Answer 7

true

Question 8

who is the natural reservoir of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 8

rodents
fleas just carriers

Question 9

who does Yersinia enterocolica impact?

Answer 9

swine
wildlife
humans

Question 10

who does Yersinia pseudotuberculosis impact?

Answer 10

farmed deer
sheep
goats
cattle
pigs
human
laboratory rodents

Question 11

what is the pathology of enteric yersiniosis?

Answer 11

necrotic liver
adenopathy
mucosal ulcers

Question 12

what is the pathogenesis of bubonic plague?

Answer 12

invades macrophages
travels via lymph to blood
replicates in lymph nodes
causes tissue necrosis

Question 13

what is the appearance of Brucella spp with a gram stain?

Answer 13

gram negative coccobacilli

Question 14

what region do Brucella spp infect?

Answer 14

reproductive tract of mammals

Question 15

which Brucella spp do not have LPS?

Answer 15

Brucella ovis
B. canis

Question 16

where do Brucella spp replicate?

Answer 16

intracellularly in trophoblasts

Question 17

who does Brucella abortus infect?

Answer 17

bovine

Question 18

how does Brucella abortus shed?

Answer 18

milk: years
uterine secretions and semen: weeks

Question 19

how is Brucella abortus transmitted?

Answer 19

ingestion of fecal/fluids/milk
inhalation
coital
skin abrasions
transplacental

Question 20

what is abortion like in Brucella abortus?

Answer 20

5 months of gestation if first pregnancy
next calves carried to term

Question 21

does Brucella abortus affect joints?

Answer 21

yes- swollen joints

Question 22

what happens at the herd level with Brucella abortus?

Answer 22

abortion storms
decreased fertility
decreased milk production

Question 23

how is Brucella abortus controlled?

Answer 23

treatment ineffective
test and slaughter
vaccination

Question 24

how prevalent is Brucellosis in domestic livestock in the USA?

Answer 24

nearly eliminated

Question 25

in whom is Brucella abortus self-sustained?

Answer 25

elk bison

Question 26

what does Brucella canis cause in female dogs?

Answer 26

abortions, reduced size litter reduced fertility neonatal mortality

Question 27

what does Brucella canis cause in male dogs?

Answer 27

orchitis and epididymitis infertility, aspermia lameness

Question 28

what does Brucella suis cause?

Answer 28

abortions, stillbirths neonatal mortality testicular abnormalities sterility lameness, posterior paralysis

Question 29

what does Brucella melitensis cause?

Answer 29

abortions orchitis and epididymitis arthritis

Question 30

how do you control ovine, caprine, and porcine brucellosis?

Answer 30

vaccination test test and slaughter

Question 31

what is RB51?

Answer 31

attenuated vaccine made of rough mutant Brucella abortus

Question 32

what is the caveat to the RB51 vaccine?

Answer 32

protects against abortion but not infection: shed in milk is potential for human infection

Question 33

what do stallions get with Taylorella equigenitalis?

Answer 33

asymptomatic

Question 34

what do mares get with Taylorella equigenitalis?

Answer 34

contagious equine metritis 25% asymptomatic carriers

Question 35

are Yersinia spp intracellular?

Answer 35

yes facultative

Question 36

what do cats develop with Yersinia pestis?

Answer 36

sub-mandibular lymphadenitis: necrosis, rapture, oozing

Question 37

how stable is Yersinia spp in the environment?

Answer 37

stable

Question 38

what are the pathogens of enteric yersiniosis?

Answer 38

Yersinia enterocolica: pigs, wildlife, human Y. pseudotuberculosis: farmed deer, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, human, laboratory rodents

Question 39

when does clinical enterocolitis develop with enteric yersiniosis?

Answer 39

environmental and nutritional stress

Question 40

aree Brucella spp zoonotic?

Answer 40

yes: febrile, chronic undulating illness

Question 41

how do Brucella spp travel through the body?

Answer 41

invade macrophages transport to lymph nodes intermittent bacteriaemia transport to reproductive organs and associated glands

Question 42

how is Brucella canis controlled?

Answer 42

antibiotics neutering test and remove from breeding no vaccination

Question 43

what does Brucella ovis cause?

Answer 43

placentitis epididymitis