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Veterinary Infectious Diseases > Listeria and Erysipelothrix > Flashcards

Listeria and Erysipelothrix Flashcards

1
Q

what does Listeria monocytogenes look like under a microscope with a gram stain?

A

gram positive short rod

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2
Q

what are the reservoirs of Listeria monocytogenes?

A

soil
gastrointestinal tract of carriers (animals and humans)

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3
Q

what are the common modes of transmission for Listeria monocytogenes?

A

horizontal: fecal-oral
vertical: placenta, vaginal fluids

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4
Q

how can the host shed Listeria moncytogenes?

A

feces
urine
milk
uterine fluids
aborted fetuses
nasal discharge

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5
Q

what is the most frequently recognized form of listeriosis?

A

listeric (meningo) encephalitis in adult ruminants

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6
Q

what is the mortality rate of listeric (meningo) encephalitis?

A

50-70%

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7
Q

what characterizes the neurologic signs of listeric (meningo) encephalitis usually?

A

unilateral
localize to brain stem
affect cranial nerves

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8
Q

what is the pathogenesis of listeric encephalitis?

A

eat contaminated food
Listeria monocytogenes enters abrasions in oral cavity
track trigeminal nerve
brainstem
necrosis and neutrophilic microabscesses

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9
Q

what are some differential diagnoses for listeric encephalitis?

A

thromboembolic meningoencephalitis due to Histophilus somni
cerebral abscess due to other bacteria
rabies

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10
Q

what does listeric abortion usually occur in?

A

small ruminants

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11
Q

what is the primary site of infection of Listeria monocytogenes with listeric abortion?

A

uterus, placenta
abortion of autolyzed fetus

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12
Q

who does septicemic listeriosis occur in?

A

primarily very young animals

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13
Q

what are the clinical signs of septicemic listeriosis?

A

fever
depression/lethargy
injected mucous membranes
+/- hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in calves

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14
Q

what is the target organ of septicemic listeriosis?

A

liver: hepatic necrosis

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15
Q

what diagnostic samples can be taken for listeric abortion?

A

culture, cytology of abomasal contents from fetus
histopath and gram stain liver, spleen, lungs

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16
Q

what are the well known Listeria monocytogenes virulence factors?

A

listeriolysis O=LLO
actin comet tails

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17
Q

is Listeria a reportable disease?

A

yes

18
Q

who does swine erysipelas impact?

A

growing and adult swine

19
Q

up to ______ of pigs in intensive swine production areas are asymptomatic carriers of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

50%

20
Q

where do carriers of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae harbor it?

A

tonsils and shed in oronasal secretions and feces

21
Q

what is the virulence factor of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

neuraminidase

22
Q

what characterizes the acute form of erysipelas?

A

septicemia
fever
skin lesions (diamond)

23
Q

what characterizes the chronic form of erysipelas?

A

arthritis
vegetative valvular endocarditis

24
Q

what are the differential diagnoses for erysipelas (diamond skin disease in swine)?

A

septicemia due to Salmonella, Streptococcus suis
classical swine fever
glasser’s disease

25
Q

how is diamond skin disease controlled?

A

vaccine

26
Q

what can you see with erysipelas in poultry?

A

sudden death (septicemia)
swollen joints
endocarditis

27
Q

is erysipelas zoonotic?

A

yes

28
Q

who can carry erysipelas (poultry) in semen?

A

toms (male turkeys)

29
Q

how is erysipelas prevented in poultry?

A

antibiotics
vaccine

30
Q

how does thromboembolic meningoencephalitis due to Histophilus somni differ from listeric encephalitis?

A

Histophilus spp does not have a preferred site of infection in the brain
distinguish by other lab tests

31
Q

how do cerebral abscesses due to other bacteria differ from listeric encephalitis?

A

Listeria: usually unilateral cranial nerve signs
cerebral abscess: mentation changes

32
Q

how can you differentiate rabies from listeric encephalitis?

A

rabies usually reflects damage to cortical neurons: mentation changes
not unilateral

33
Q

does metritis from listeric abortion have effects on subsequent reproduction?

A

no

34
Q

how long can Listeria be shed in vaginal secretions and milk?

A

a month

35
Q

what makes Listeria monocytogenes hard to get rid of?

A

persists in environment, food, and gastrointestinal tract
likes low temperatures
resistant to drying and heat
tolerates wide pH range

36
Q

what does listeriolysin O do?

A

allows Listeria to escape phagosome and then replicate in cytoplasm
pore-forming protein toxin

37
Q

what do actin comet tails allow Listeria to do?

A

hijack and polymerize actin to move and hide

38
Q

what is the host response to Listeria moncytogenes?

A

cellular necrosis and neutrophilic inflammation

39
Q

who is clinical disease of Listeria seen in usually?

A

ruminants

40
Q

how do humans usually get listeriosis?

A

food

41
Q

what does neuraminidase from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae do?

A

important for attaching and invading
cleaves sialic acid
+/- nutrional requirements, disruption host functions

42
Q

what are the forms of Erysipelas in swine?

A

acute
chronic

Veterinary Infectious Diseases (29 decks)

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