Diseases Due to Gram Negative Rods V

Question 1

how are Actinobacillus, Dichelobacter, and Fusobacterium similar?

Answer 1

gram negative rods or coccobacilli
facultative or strict anaerobes
necrosis: cause it, live in it, or both
do not produce spores
carrier states or commensals
cause diseases in farm animals mostly

Question 2

where is Actinobacillus spp a common commensal of?

Answer 2

upper respiratory tract and oral cavity

Question 3

is Actinobacillus spp stable in the environment?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

is Actinobacillus spp haemolytic?

Answer 4

some are

Question 5

what causes pleuropneumonia in pigs?

Answer 5

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

Question 6

who does Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia impact?

Answer 6

swine <6 months or naive at any age

Question 7

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia is associated with _____________________

Answer 7

intensive rearing

Question 8

what cells does Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia invade?

Answer 8

macrophages

Question 9

what are the clinical signs of Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia of swine?

Answer 9

pyrexia, dyspnea, recumbency, anorexia
bloody froth at nose
cyanosis
abortion if pregnant
mortality 30-50%

Question 10

what is the pathology of Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia in swine?

Answer 10

necrotizing fibrinohaemorrhagic pneumonia
lung consolidation and necrosis
fibrinous pleurisy
endocarditis

Question 11

what are some pathogens that cause similar signs to Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia?

Answer 11

Haemophilus parasuis
Actinobacillus suis

Question 12

what should you do after diagnosing Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia in swine?

Answer 12

antibiotics
review vaccination records
control ventilation, temperature, overcrowding

Question 13

when should you vaccinate piglets for Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia for best impact?

Answer 13

> 8 weeks of age

Question 14

what type of pneumonia does Actinobacillus suis cause in 3-4 month old piglets?

Answer 14

fibrinonecrotic

Question 15

in Actinobacillus suis in piglets, sudden death occurs due to ____________________________________

Answer 15

acute septicemia and hemorrhaging

Question 16

what causes sleepy foal disease?

Answer 16

Actinobacillus equuli

Question 17

is there a vaccine for Actinobacillus equuli?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

what happens in the acute form of Actinobacillus equuli?

Answer 18

fever
recumbency
death 24-48 hours

Question 19

what causes wooden tongue in cattle?

Answer 19

Actinobacillus lignieresii

Question 20

is Actinobacillus lignieresii a commensal?

Answer 20

yes: oral cavity and intestines

Question 21

Actinobacillus lignieresii causes localized pyogranulomas and ___________, which leads to lymphatic spread, which lead to ________________

Answer 21

fibrosis
lymphadenitis

Question 22

who does Actinobacillus seminis cause disease in?

Answer 22

sheep

Question 23

what bacteria cause rotten ruminant feet?

Answer 23

Fusobacterium necrophorum
Dichelobacter nodosus

Question 24

are Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus anaerobic or aerobic?

Answer 24

anaerobic which leads to necrosis

Question 25

do Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus sporulate?

Answer 25

no: no longer term survival in environment

Question 26

what does the leukotoxin do from Fusobacterium necrophorum?

Answer 26

kills macrophages and impairs phagocytic functions

Question 27

what does hemolysin do from Fusobacterium necrophorum?

Answer 27

lysis: necrotic zones around bacterial colonies

Question 28

what causes calf diphtheria?

Answer 28

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 29

what does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause in calves?

Answer 29

necrotic pharyngitis, laryngitis, oral necrobacillosis in calves <3 months

Question 30

what are the clinical signs of Fusobacterium necrophorum in calves?

Answer 30

trouble swallowing
fetid breath
fever
hypersalivation
cough

Question 31

what causes hepatic abscessation secondary to rumenitis?

Answer 31

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 32

rotten feet are polymicrobial infections with __________________________________

Answer 32

Fusobacterium necrophorum and other bacteria (D. nodosus)

Question 33

what are the virulence factors of Dichelobacter nodosus?

Answer 33

adhesions: fimbriae (K antigen)
proteases
produces growth factors for Fusobacterium necrophorum: mixed infections

Question 34

what does contagious ovine foot rot affect?

Answer 34

heels and horn

Question 35

how can you diagnose ovine foot rot?

Answer 35

lameness
foul-smelling feet
interdigital soft tissue and deep infection of epidermal laminae with horn separation at axial/abaxial wall
gram stain smears of exudate

Question 36

do Actinobacillus, Dichelobacter, and Fusobacterium produce spores?

Answer 36

no

Question 37

where is Actinobacillus equuli a commensal of?

Answer 37

reproductive and GI tract of mares

Question 38

is there a vaccine for Actinobacillus equuli?

Answer 38

no

Question 39

what causes induration of a cow’s tongue?

Answer 39

actinobacillus lignieresii

Question 40

where are Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus commensals of?

Answer 40

gastrointestinal tract and urogenital tracts

Question 41

what are the virulence factors of Fusobacterium necrophorum?

Answer 41

superoxide dismutase
leukotoxin
hemolysin

Question 42

what happens with Fusobacterium necrophorum in calf diphtheria?

Answer 42

necrotic pharyngitis, laryngitis, oral necrobacillosis in calves

Question 43

what are the clinical signs of calf diphtheria?

Answer 43

trouble swallowing
fetid breath
fever
hypersalivation
cough

Question 44

what two bacteria make up ovine foot rot?

Answer 44

Fusobacterium necrophorum
Dichelobacter nodosus