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Veterinary Infectious Diseases > Diseases Due to Gram Negative Rods V > Flashcards

Diseases Due to Gram Negative Rods V Flashcards

1
Q

how are Actinobacillus, Dichelobacter, and Fusobacterium similar?

A

gram negative rods or coccobacilli
facultative or strict anaerobes
necrosis: cause it, live in it, or both
do not produce spores
carrier states or commensals
cause diseases in farm animals mostly

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2
Q

where is Actinobacillus spp a common commensal of?

A

upper respiratory tract and oral cavity

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3
Q

is Actinobacillus spp stable in the environment?

A

no

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4
Q

is Actinobacillus spp haemolytic?

A

some are

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5
Q

what causes pleuropneumonia in pigs?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

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6
Q

who does Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia impact?

A

swine <6 months or naive at any age

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7
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia is associated with _____________________

A

intensive rearing

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8
Q

what cells does Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia invade?

A

macrophages

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9
Q

what are the clinical signs of Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia of swine?

A

pyrexia, dyspnea, recumbency, anorexia
bloody froth at nose
cyanosis
abortion if pregnant
mortality 30-50%

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10
Q

what is the pathology of Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia in swine?

A

necrotizing fibrinohaemorrhagic pneumonia
lung consolidation and necrosis
fibrinous pleurisy
endocarditis

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11
Q

what are some pathogens that cause similar signs to Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia?

A

Haemophilus parasuis
Actinobacillus suis

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12
Q

what should you do after diagnosing Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia in swine?

A

antibiotics
review vaccination records
control ventilation, temperature, overcrowding

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13
Q

when should you vaccinate piglets for Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia for best impact?

A

> 8 weeks of age

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14
Q

what type of pneumonia does Actinobacillus suis cause in 3-4 month old piglets?

A

fibrinonecrotic

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15
Q

in Actinobacillus suis in piglets, sudden death occurs due to ____________________________________

A

acute septicemia and hemorrhaging

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16
Q

what causes sleepy foal disease?

A

Actinobacillus equuli

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17
Q

is there a vaccine for Actinobacillus equuli?

A

no

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18
Q

what happens in the acute form of Actinobacillus equuli?

A

fever
recumbency
death 24-48 hours

19
Q

what causes wooden tongue in cattle?

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

20
Q

is Actinobacillus lignieresii a commensal?

A

yes: oral cavity and intestines

21
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresii causes localized pyogranulomas and ___________, which leads to lymphatic spread, which lead to ________________

A

fibrosis
lymphadenitis

22
Q

who does Actinobacillus seminis cause disease in?

A

sheep

23
Q

what bacteria cause rotten ruminant feet?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum
Dichelobacter nodosus

24
Q

are Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus anaerobic or aerobic?

A

anaerobic which leads to necrosis

25
Q

do Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus sporulate?

A

no: no longer term survival in environment

26
Q

what does the leukotoxin do from Fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

kills macrophages and impairs phagocytic functions

27
Q

what does hemolysin do from Fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

lysis: necrotic zones around bacterial colonies

28
Q

what causes calf diphtheria?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

29
Q

what does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause in calves?

A

necrotic pharyngitis, laryngitis, oral necrobacillosis in calves <3 months

30
Q

what are the clinical signs of Fusobacterium necrophorum in calves?

A

trouble swallowing
fetid breath
fever
hypersalivation
cough

31
Q

what causes hepatic abscessation secondary to rumenitis?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

32
Q

rotten feet are polymicrobial infections with __________________________________

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum and other bacteria (D. nodosus)

33
Q

what are the virulence factors of Dichelobacter nodosus?

A

adhesions: fimbriae (K antigen)
proteases
produces growth factors for Fusobacterium necrophorum: mixed infections

34
Q

what does contagious ovine foot rot affect?

A

heels and horn

35
Q

how can you diagnose ovine foot rot?

A

lameness
foul-smelling feet
interdigital soft tissue and deep infection of epidermal laminae with horn separation at axial/abaxial wall
gram stain smears of exudate

36
Q

do Actinobacillus, Dichelobacter, and Fusobacterium produce spores?

A

no

37
Q

where is Actinobacillus equuli a commensal of?

A

reproductive and GI tract of mares

38
Q

is there a vaccine for Actinobacillus equuli?

A

no

39
Q

what causes induration of a cow’s tongue?

A

actinobacillus lignieresii

40
Q

where are Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus commensals of?

A

gastrointestinal tract and urogenital tracts

41
Q

what are the virulence factors of Fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

superoxide dismutase
leukotoxin
hemolysin

42
Q

what happens with Fusobacterium necrophorum in calf diphtheria?

A

necrotic pharyngitis, laryngitis, oral necrobacillosis in calves

43
Q

what are the clinical signs of calf diphtheria?

A

trouble swallowing
fetid breath
fever
hypersalivation
cough

44
Q

what two bacteria make up ovine foot rot?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum
Dichelobacter nodosus

Veterinary Infectious Diseases (29 decks)

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