Spirochetes Flashcards
what is spirochetosis?
bacterial infection caused by spirochetes
what domestic animal diseases are caused by spirochetes?
leptospirosis
lyme disease
swine dysentery
papillomatous digital dermatitis
how do spirochetes gram stain?
negative
what is the causative agent of syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
spirochetes
can unstained spirochetes be seen with brightfield microscopy?
no: darkfield
what can you see on a chem with leptospirosis?
kidneys
BUN elevated
creatinine elevated
SDMA elevated
dilute urine with protein
what is the pathogenesis of leptospirosis in the liver?
hyperactive kupffer cells in liver
replication and inflammation lead to centrilobar necrosis
jaundice from hepatocellular dysfunction
what happens in the kidneys with leptospirosis?
interstitial nephritis
increased capillary permeability
tubular necrosis leads to hypovolemia
what leads to infection with leptospirosis?
exposure to water containing leptospires
spirochetes penetrate mucosa or broken skin
what do leptospires have in their outer membranes?
lipopolysaccharides
glycolipoprotein
adhesions
hemolysin
if you are trying to confirm a clinical diagnosis, you would rather have ______________________. if you are doing an epidemiological study, you want _____________________
sensitivity>specificity
specificity>sensitivity
what is the evidence that leptospirosis causes equine recurrent uveitis?
leptospira are found in both aqueous and vitreous humor of the eye
high anti-leptospiral titers are found in horses with ERU, antibody found in aqueous humor
leptospira have been cultured from aqueous humor of horses with ERU
leptospira is more common in horses with ERU than those without
what is Vincent’s disease/acute necrotizing gingivitis of humans due to?
fusospirochetal or polymicrobial mix of spirochetes and other anaerobes
what causes swine dystentery?
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
how does lyme disease differ from other spirochetoses?
vector arthropod requirement
what happens when a lyme vaccinated dog gets bit by a lyme infected tick?
ingest anti-OspA antibody while feeding
spirochetes incapacitated by anti-OspA antibody before reactivation, preventing antigenic shift to OspC and thereby transmission
what happens with incidental hosts of leptospirosis?
may become sick
will persist in kidneys for days to weeks
what happens in maintenance hosts when they get leptospirosis?
persist in kidneys, eyes, genital secretions for months to years
host usually subclinically infected
what are some components of leptospirosis outer membranes?
lipopolysaccharides: endotoxin effect
glycolipoprotein: cytotoxic
out membrane proteins: adhesins
a hemolysin
what is weil’s syndrome?
severe leptospirosis: renal dysfunction and hepatomegaly
what causes hairy heel warts or papillomatous digital dermatitis?
Treponema spp
what do hairy heel warts or papillomatous digital dermatitis cause?
severe discomfort
economic loss
how is swine dysentery/Brachyspira hyodysenteriae transmitted?
fecal-oral
what is pathogenesis of lyme disease marked by?
mismatch of bacterial burden (very low) with degree of inflammation
why must the lyme vaccine be complemented by anti-tick preventatives?
Anaplasma phagocutophilum also transmitted by deer ticks
