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Veterinary Infectious Diseases > Gram Positive Anaerobic Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Positive Anaerobic Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

what are some types of disease caused by anaerobes?

A

soft tissue abscessation
cellulitis
post-operative wound infections
peridontal abscesses
aspiration pneumonia
lung and liver abscesses
peridontitis
pleuritis
myometritis
osteomyelitis
mastitis
footrot

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2
Q

what is characteristic of anaerobic infections?

A

foul odor
tissue crepitation
tissue necrosis

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3
Q

what are the 6 major toxins of Clostridium perfringens?

A

alpha
beta
epsilon
iota
enterotoxin
necrotic B-like toxins (NetB)

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4
Q

what is the most common Clostridium perfringens in mammals and birds?

A

type A

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5
Q

Clostridium perfringens type A is a common cause of _________________ in a variety of animals

A

mild enteritis

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6
Q

what is Clostridium perfringens type B a cause of?

A

lamb dysentery

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7
Q

what does Clostridium perfringens type C cause in young animals?

A

bloody scours
enterotoxic hemorrhagic enteritis disease of young animals

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8
Q

what does Clostridium perfringens type C cause in adult animals?

A

STRUCK

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9
Q

Clostridium perfringens type D has __________________ from angiotoxin

A

endothelial cell damage

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10
Q

what is the causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Clostridium difficile “Clostridiodes”

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11
Q

is Clostridium difficile a big pathogen in dogs?

A

does not cause clinical disease
can be shed

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12
Q

what does Clostridium difficile cause in exotic animals?

A

rabbits and guinea pigs
major cause of death: after antibiotic usage

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13
Q

what are the risk factors for Clostridium in horses?

A

hospitalization
antibiotic use

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14
Q

what is the causative agent of “big head” disease in rams?

A

Clostridium novyi type A

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15
Q

what is the causative agent of infectious necrotic hepatitis (“Black Disease”) and what is it associated with?

A

Clostridium novyi type B
liver flukes

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16
Q

what is the mortality rate of Clostridium haemolyticum “Bacillary Hemoglobinuria”?

A

> 95%
“found dead”

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17
Q

who does Clostridium chauvoei “black leg” impact?

A

cattle
sheep

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18
Q

who does Clostridium septicum “malignant edema” impact?

A

pigs
horses
cattle

19
Q

what is death by with Clostridium septicum?

A

asphyxiation
systemic toxemia (shock)

20
Q

what are the main ways to diagnose clostridial disease?

A

bone marrow: section of rib
PCR for toxins

21
Q

where do obligate anaerobes replicate?

A

tissues with low oxidation-reduction potential: necrotic, devascularized tissue

22
Q

what is toxic to obligate anaerobes?

A

oxygen

23
Q

what are anaerobic infections often exacerbated by?

A

mixed infection with facultative anaerobes

24
Q

what are some disease syndromes caused by Clostridial organisms?

A

neurotoxic
histotoxic
enterotoxigenic
enteropathogenic

25
Q

who does Clostridium tetani impact?

A

horse
sheep
cattle

26
Q

who does Clostridium perfringens impact?

A

cattle
sheep

27
Q

who does Clostridium septicum impact?

A

ruminants
horses

28
Q

who does Clostridium chauvoei impact?

A

cattle
sheep

29
Q

who does Clostridium novyi type A and B impact?

A

sheep

30
Q

who does Clostridium haemolyticum impact?

A

cattle

31
Q

who does Clostridium difficile impact?

A

piglets
rabbits
horses

32
Q

who does Clostridium piliforme impact?

A

mice
horses
gerbils

33
Q

what may be an early clinical sign of Clostridial enterotoxemia?

A

glucosuria

34
Q

what is the pathogenesis of Clostridial enterotoxemia?

A

change to richer diet
change in peristalsis
overgrowth of bacteria in large intestine
absorption of toxin in small intestine
rapid death

35
Q

what is yellow lamb disease caused by?

A

Clostridium perfringens type A
hemolysis of red blood cells and rapid death

36
Q

how long are lambs expected to live with lamb dysentery due to Clostridium perfringens type B?

A

one week

37
Q

is Clostridium perfringens type C a commensal?

A

no

38
Q

what does Clostridium perfringens type C cause in piglets?

A

peracute disease: whole litters die

39
Q

what does Clostridium perfringens type D cause in the brain?

A

bilateral symmetric encephalomalacia: epsilon toxin

40
Q

who is Clostridium perfringens type D most common in?

A

fattening sheep
goats
calves

41
Q

what does Clostridium difficile cause in horses?

A

colitis X

42
Q

what is disease from Clostridium difficile induced by?

A

TcdB: toxin B
TcdA: toxin A
CDT
2-3 toxins

43
Q

what does Clostridium piliforme cause in neonatal foals?

A

fatal disease: hepatic necrosis
heart, liver, GI tract triad

44
Q

what do multiplying vegetative cells of Clostridium haemolyticum produce?

A

phospholipase C
intravascular hemolysis

Veterinary Infectious Diseases (29 decks)

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