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Veterinary Infectious Diseases > Diseases Due to Gram Negative Rods I > Flashcards

Diseases Due to Gram Negative Rods I Flashcards

1
Q

what shape do enterobacteriaceae have?

A

rods
bacilli

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2
Q

what are the major pathogens in the enterobacteriaceae?

A

E. coli
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia

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3
Q

how does lipopolysaccharide (LPS) trigger the host immune response?

A

recognition of the bioactive lipid A domain

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4
Q

what does lipopolysaccharide induce?

A

potent innate immune response

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5
Q

Escherichia coli is serotyped by ___________________ antigens

A

O, H, and K

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6
Q

what are the virulence factors of E. coli?

A

LPS endotoxin
alpha-haemolysin
fimbrial adhesions
adhesions: intimin
exotoxins

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7
Q

what does enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) lead to?

A

hypersecretory diarrhea

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8
Q

what do enteropathogenic E. coli and Enterohemorrhagic E. coli lead to?

A

destruction of microvilli
malabsorption, maldigestion
inflammation

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9
Q

who is more susceptible to colisepticemia?

A

neonates: calves, lambs, poultry
immune-compromised animals

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10
Q

what does oedema disease of pigs result from?

A

haemolytic E. coli starts in GI tract, then shigatoxin produced causes damage to endothelial cells and perivascular edema

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11
Q

what pathogens cause coliform mastitis?

A

enterobacteriaceae: E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter

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12
Q

what is coliform mastitis from?

A

unclean environment
milking cows have relaxed sphincter ani externus

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13
Q

what pathogen causes urogenital tract infections in canines?

A

uropathogenic E. coli

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14
Q

how can you treat colibacillosis?

A

isolate
rehydrate and electrolytes
antimicrobials if systemic
NSAID

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15
Q

is Salmonella spp commensal?

A

no

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16
Q

is Salmonella spp motile?

A

yes
fimbriae
flagella

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17
Q

can salmonella enter macrophages?

A

yes and remain latent

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18
Q

how common is salmonellosis as a zoonosis?

A

extremely common

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19
Q

what is salmonellosis as a zoonosis due to?

A

contamination of water and soil with feces, meat, eggs, and offal

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20
Q

what causes Pullorum disease?

A

Salmonella pullorum

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21
Q

who does pullorum disease impact?

A

young chickens and turkeys

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22
Q

what is found on a postmortem with pullorum disease?

A

white nodes in lungs
necrotic liver

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23
Q

what are the hosts of Shigella spp?

A

humans and non-human primates

24
Q

where do enterobacteriaceae reside?

A

worldwide
mammalian gut
soil and sewage
can cause variety of infections
useful indicator of food quality and safety

25
Q

what do enterobacteriaceae do with sugars?

A

ferment them

26
Q

how does lipopolysaccharide induce a potent immune response?

A

complement activation
binding of TLR4 receptor
activated macrophages and neutrophils, leading to inflammation
can lead to massive production of cytokines: septic shock

27
Q

what motility tools does Escherichia coli have?

A

peritrichous flagella and fimbriae

28
Q

enterotoxigenic E coli attaches to surface with ____________________

A

fimbrial adhesins

29
Q

what enterotoxins does enterotoxigenic E coli produce?

A

LT: heat labile
ST: heat stable
exotoxins
cause secretion of Na and Cl

30
Q

what does the hyperosmotic pressure created by enterotoxigenic E coli cause?

A

draws water into the lumen
hypersecretory diarrhea
interferes with water reabsorption

31
Q

what happens with the architecture of the microvilli with enterotoxigenic E coli?

A

retained

32
Q

what is enteric colibacillossis caused by?

A

enterotoxigenic E coli

33
Q

what predisposes calves, lambs, and piglets to enteric colibacillossis?

A

stress
environmental contamination
naive immunity
no colostrum

34
Q

what diarrhea is typical of enterotoxigenic E coli?

A

very profuse and watery brown diarrhea

35
Q

how do enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E coli cause disease?

A

injection of proteins or toxins through type III secretion system
T3SS

36
Q

what is colisepticemia?

A

invasion of blood stream by intestinal or extraintestinal coliforms

37
Q

what is endotexic shock and inflammation in colisepticemia from?

A

lipopolysaccharide

38
Q

what are the clinical signs of colisepticemia from endotoxin LPS?

A

pyrexia, depression, tachycardia
profuse salivation, distended abdomen
with or without diarrhea
meningitis, pneumonia
joint swelling, arthritis, lameness

39
Q

what is the nutritional and environmental background of oedema disease in pigs?

A

young pigs, 1-2 weeks post weaning
sudden onset

40
Q

what are the symptoms of oedema disease of pigs?

A

paresis, tremor, oedema of eyelids and frontal face, laryngeal oedema (dysphonia)
no diarrhea
flaccid paralysis before death
death 36-48hrs

41
Q

can coliform mastitis be peracute and fatal?

A

yes due to enteroxaemia

42
Q

is coliform mastitis an opportunistic infection?

A

yes

43
Q

what can uropathogenic E coli cause in female dogs?

A

pyometra
cystitis

44
Q

what can uropathogenic E coli cause in male dogs?

A

prostatitis

45
Q

what can uropathogenic E coli cause in cats?

A

nephritis

46
Q

how can you control and prevent colibacillosis?

A

ensure passive immunity transfer through colostrum
immunization of dams against enteropathogenic E coli during pregnancy
improved hygiene
isolation of newly-calved cows

47
Q

what are the pathogenicity traits of Salmonella?

A

fimbriae
lipopolysaccharide
T3SS
invasion
systemic infection
latency

48
Q

what is underlying of a salmonella infection?

A

stress
poor hygiene

49
Q

what is the enteric acute form of salmonellosis like?

A

fever, depression
profuse, foul-smelling diarrhea with blood/mucus/epithelial casts
dehydration, weight loss
abortion
mortality in young

50
Q

what is the enteric chronic form of salmonellosis like?

A

can follow acute
intermittent: fever and soft stool
slow emaciation

51
Q

who get septicemic salmonellosis?

A

mostly calves, foals, pig growers

52
Q

what do survivors of septicemic salmonellosis get?

A

meningitis
arthritis
pneumonia
diarrhea

53
Q

what causes fowl typhoid?

A

Salmonella gallinarum

54
Q

what do Shigella spp cause?

A

sporadic infections chicken, rabbits, piglets, calves

55
Q

what do Shigella spp have a tropism for?

A

intestinal epithelium

56
Q

what are the mechanisms of Shigella infection?

A

type III secretion system
intracellular invasion

Veterinary Infectious Diseases (29 decks)

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