Diseases Due to Gram Negative Rods I

Question 1

what shape do enterobacteriaceae have?

Answer 1

rods
bacilli

Question 2

what are the major pathogens in the enterobacteriaceae?

Answer 2

E. coli
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia

Question 3

how does lipopolysaccharide (LPS) trigger the host immune response?

Answer 3

recognition of the bioactive lipid A domain

Question 4

what does lipopolysaccharide induce?

Answer 4

potent innate immune response

Question 5

Escherichia coli is serotyped by ___________________ antigens

Answer 5

O, H, and K

Question 6

what are the virulence factors of E. coli?

Answer 6

LPS endotoxin
alpha-haemolysin
fimbrial adhesions
adhesions: intimin
exotoxins

Question 7

what does enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) lead to?

Answer 7

hypersecretory diarrhea

Question 8

what do enteropathogenic E. coli and Enterohemorrhagic E. coli lead to?

Answer 8

destruction of microvilli
malabsorption, maldigestion
inflammation

Question 9

who is more susceptible to colisepticemia?

Answer 9

neonates: calves, lambs, poultry
immune-compromised animals

Question 10

what does oedema disease of pigs result from?

Answer 10

haemolytic E. coli starts in GI tract, then shigatoxin produced causes damage to endothelial cells and perivascular edema

Question 11

what pathogens cause coliform mastitis?

Answer 11

enterobacteriaceae: E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter

Question 12

what is coliform mastitis from?

Answer 12

unclean environment
milking cows have relaxed sphincter ani externus

Question 13

what pathogen causes urogenital tract infections in canines?

Answer 13

uropathogenic E. coli

Question 14

how can you treat colibacillosis?

Answer 14

isolate
rehydrate and electrolytes
antimicrobials if systemic
NSAID

Question 15

is Salmonella spp commensal?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

is Salmonella spp motile?

Answer 16

yes
fimbriae
flagella

Question 17

can salmonella enter macrophages?

Answer 17

yes and remain latent

Question 18

how common is salmonellosis as a zoonosis?

Answer 18

extremely common

Question 19

what is salmonellosis as a zoonosis due to?

Answer 19

contamination of water and soil with feces, meat, eggs, and offal

Question 20

what causes Pullorum disease?

Answer 20

Salmonella pullorum

Question 21

who does pullorum disease impact?

Answer 21

young chickens and turkeys

Question 22

what is found on a postmortem with pullorum disease?

Answer 22

white nodes in lungs
necrotic liver

Question 23

what are the hosts of Shigella spp?

Answer 23

humans and non-human primates

Question 24

where do enterobacteriaceae reside?

Answer 24

worldwide
mammalian gut
soil and sewage
can cause variety of infections
useful indicator of food quality and safety

Question 25

what do enterobacteriaceae do with sugars?

Answer 25

ferment them

Question 26

how does lipopolysaccharide induce a potent immune response?

Answer 26

complement activation binding of TLR4 receptor activated macrophages and neutrophils, leading to inflammation can lead to massive production of cytokines: septic shock

Question 27

what motility tools does Escherichia coli have?

Answer 27

peritrichous flagella and fimbriae

Question 28

enterotoxigenic E coli attaches to surface with ____________________

Answer 28

fimbrial adhesins

Question 29

what enterotoxins does enterotoxigenic E coli produce?

Answer 29

LT: heat labile ST: heat stable exotoxins cause secretion of Na and Cl

Question 30

what does the hyperosmotic pressure created by enterotoxigenic E coli cause?

Answer 30

draws water into the lumen hypersecretory diarrhea interferes with water reabsorption

Question 31

what happens with the architecture of the microvilli with enterotoxigenic E coli?

Answer 31

retained

Question 32

what is enteric colibacillossis caused by?

Answer 32

enterotoxigenic E coli

Question 33

what predisposes calves, lambs, and piglets to enteric colibacillossis?

Answer 33

stress environmental contamination naive immunity no colostrum

Question 34

what diarrhea is typical of enterotoxigenic E coli?

Answer 34

very profuse and watery brown diarrhea

Question 35

how do enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E coli cause disease?

Answer 35

injection of proteins or toxins through type III secretion system T3SS

Question 36

what is colisepticemia?

Answer 36

invasion of blood stream by intestinal or extraintestinal coliforms

Question 37

what is endotexic shock and inflammation in colisepticemia from?

Answer 37

lipopolysaccharide

Question 38

what are the clinical signs of colisepticemia from endotoxin LPS?

Answer 38

pyrexia, depression, tachycardia profuse salivation, distended abdomen with or without diarrhea meningitis, pneumonia joint swelling, arthritis, lameness

Question 39

what is the nutritional and environmental background of oedema disease in pigs?

Answer 39

young pigs, 1-2 weeks post weaning sudden onset

Question 40

what are the symptoms of oedema disease of pigs?

Answer 40

paresis, tremor, oedema of eyelids and frontal face, laryngeal oedema (dysphonia) no diarrhea flaccid paralysis before death death 36-48hrs

Question 41

can coliform mastitis be peracute and fatal?

Answer 41

yes due to enteroxaemia

Question 42

is coliform mastitis an opportunistic infection?

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

what can uropathogenic E coli cause in female dogs?

Answer 43

pyometra cystitis

Question 44

what can uropathogenic E coli cause in male dogs?

Answer 44

prostatitis

Question 45

what can uropathogenic E coli cause in cats?

Answer 45

nephritis

Question 46

how can you control and prevent colibacillosis?

Answer 46

ensure passive immunity transfer through colostrum immunization of dams against enteropathogenic E coli during pregnancy improved hygiene isolation of newly-calved cows

Question 47

what are the pathogenicity traits of Salmonella?

Answer 47

fimbriae lipopolysaccharide T3SS invasion systemic infection latency

Question 48

what is underlying of a salmonella infection?

Answer 48

stress poor hygiene

Question 49

what is the enteric acute form of salmonellosis like?

Answer 49

fever, depression profuse, foul-smelling diarrhea with blood/mucus/epithelial casts dehydration, weight loss abortion mortality in young

Question 50

what is the enteric chronic form of salmonellosis like?

Answer 50

can follow acute intermittent: fever and soft stool slow emaciation

Question 51

who get septicemic salmonellosis?

Answer 51

mostly calves, foals, pig growers

Question 52

what do survivors of septicemic salmonellosis get?

Answer 52

meningitis arthritis pneumonia diarrhea

Question 53

what causes fowl typhoid?

Answer 53

Salmonella gallinarum

Question 54

what do Shigella spp cause?

Answer 54

sporadic infections chicken, rabbits, piglets, calves

Question 55

what do Shigella spp have a tropism for?

Answer 55

intestinal epithelium

Question 56

what are the mechanisms of Shigella infection?

Answer 56

type III secretion system intracellular invasion