Diseases Due to Filamentous Bacteria

Question 1

how do Actinobacteria gram stain?

Answer 1

gram positive

Question 2

are Actinobacteria opportunistic or obligate?

Answer 2

opportunistic

Question 3

what causes lumpy jaw in cattle?

Answer 3

Actinomyces bovis

Question 4

what does Trueperella pyogenes cause?

Answer 4

abscesses
pneumonia
polyarthritis
mastitis

Question 5

what does Actinobaculum suis cause in swine?

Answer 5

cystitis
pyelonephritis complex
mastitis

Question 6

what are the common anatomic sites of Actinomycoses?

Answer 6

bone and soft tissue of oral cavity, mandible, and maxilla
can be anywhere

Question 7

what is the presentation of Actinomycoses?

Answer 7

firm to hard, coalescing masses +/- fistulation resulting from pyogranulomatous inflammation and fibrosis
osteomyelitis

Question 8

is Actinomyces bovis a commensal? if so, of where?

Answer 8

yes
oropharynx of cattle

Question 9

what type of reaction happens in lumpy jaw of cattle?

Answer 9

pyogranulomatous

Question 10

what does Actinomyces cause in the medullary cavity (mandibula, maxilla)?

Answer 10

chronic osteomyelitis

Question 11

do Actinomyces bovis infections involve the lymph nodes?

Answer 11

not typically

Question 12

what causes poll evil and fistula withers?

Answer 12

Actinomyces spp: A. bovis
Brucella abortus
parasites

Question 13

what do poll evil and fistula withers cause with bursitis?

Answer 13

swelling
fistula tract
purulent discharge

Question 14

where is Trueperella pyogenes a commensal of?

Answer 14

nasopharyngeal commensal

Question 15

what is Trueperella pyogenes a classic cause of?

Answer 15

chronic abscesses in cattle, pigs, sheep

Question 16

what type of lesions does Trueperella pyogenes cause?

Answer 16

purulent

Question 17

what is Trueperella pyogenes a co-pathogen in?

Answer 17

summer mastitis and foot rot

Question 18

what is a urinary pathogen of pregnant sows?

Answer 18

Actinobaculum suis

Question 19

how is Actinobaculum suis transmitted?

Answer 19

coitus

Question 20

where is Actinobaculum suis a commensal of?

Answer 20

prepuce of boar

Question 21

what are the signs of Actinobaculum suis?

Answer 21

usually not febrile
anorexia
dysuria, hematuria, pyuria
reddish brown color, ammonia color

Question 22

true/false: Actinobaculum suis can cause ascending infections in sows

Answer 22

true

Question 23

what promotes adherence of Actinobaculum suis?

Answer 23

fimbriae

Question 24

what is Actinomyces viscosus a commensal of?

Answer 24

oral cavity of dogs

Question 25

where is Actinomyces hordeovulneris found?

Answer 25

foxtails

Question 26

what does Actinomyces hordeovulneris cause?

Answer 26

subcutaneous and visceral pyogranulomatous lesions arthritis peritonitis pleuritis: pyothorax

Question 27

are Nocardia spp aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 27

aerobic

Question 28

are Nocardia spp gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 28

gram positive

Question 29

what do Nocardia spp look like when growing and not growing?

Answer 29

growing: filamentous not growing: coccobacilli

Question 30

are Nocardia spp opportunistic?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

how are Nocardia spp inoculated into soft tissues?

Answer 31

from soil: saprophytes

Question 32

how do Nocardia spp infect?

Answer 32

inhalation ingestion wounds teat canal

Question 33

true/false: Nocardia spp invade and survive in macrophages and are intracellular therefore

Answer 33

true

Question 34

what do Nocardia spp cause in dogs?

Answer 34

cutaneous pyogranulomatous (abscess, fistula) pyothorax disseminated: many organs

Question 35

what do Nocardia spp cause in cattle?

Answer 35

chronic mastitis abortion farcy

Question 36

are actinomycoses usually opportunistic?

Answer 36

yes commensals oronasal, GI tract, genital tracts

Question 37

what is the treatment of Actinomyces bovis?

Answer 37

surgical long-term antibiotics

Question 38

how can poll evil and fistulous withers be treated?

Answer 38

surgery drainage hot compresses antibiotics

Question 39

what can Trueperella pyogenes cause due to its ability to affect many systems?

Answer 39

pyometra lymphadenitis osteomyelitis peritonitis neural abscessation arthritis otitis mastitis

Question 40

how is Actinobaculum suis transmitted?

Answer 40

coitus

Question 41

who does Actinobaculum suis usually affect?

Answer 41

older sows

Question 42

who is Actinobaculum suis related to?

Answer 42

Trueperella sp

Question 43

what does Actinobaculum suis have that promotes adherence?

Answer 43

fimbriae

Question 44

how can we diagnose actinomycoses?

Answer 44

signalment, clinical signs, lesions impression smear culture

Question 45

which Nocardia sp is important?

Answer 45

Nocardia asteroides

Question 46

what do Nocardia spp cause in swine?

Answer 46

abortions

Question 47

of Nocardia spp, Actinomycess sp, and Trueperella pyogenes/Actinobaculum suis, which ones are not acid-fast?

Answer 47

Actinomyces sp Trueperella pyogenes/Actinobaculum suis

Question 48

who does Dermatophilosis usually impact?

Answer 48

young immunosuppressed

Question 49

what does Dermatophilosis cause?

Answer 49

epidermal infections of large animals

Question 50

what are the additional names for Dermatophilosis in horses?

Answer 50

rain scald/rot grease heel

Question 51

where does Dermatophilus congolensis persist?

Answer 51

skin of healthy animals

Question 52

does Dermatophilus congolensis have zoospores?

Answer 52

yes: motile, resistant