Diseases Due to Filamentous Bacteria Flashcards
how do Actinobacteria gram stain?
gram positive
are Actinobacteria opportunistic or obligate?
opportunistic
what causes lumpy jaw in cattle?
Actinomyces bovis
what does Trueperella pyogenes cause?
abscesses
pneumonia
polyarthritis
mastitis
what does Actinobaculum suis cause in swine?
cystitis
pyelonephritis complex
mastitis
what are the common anatomic sites of Actinomycoses?
bone and soft tissue of oral cavity, mandible, and maxilla
can be anywhere
what is the presentation of Actinomycoses?
firm to hard, coalescing masses +/- fistulation resulting from pyogranulomatous inflammation and fibrosis
osteomyelitis
is Actinomyces bovis a commensal? if so, of where?
yes
oropharynx of cattle
what type of reaction happens in lumpy jaw of cattle?
pyogranulomatous
what does Actinomyces cause in the medullary cavity (mandibula, maxilla)?
chronic osteomyelitis
do Actinomyces bovis infections involve the lymph nodes?
not typically
what causes poll evil and fistula withers?
Actinomyces spp: A. bovis
Brucella abortus
parasites
what do poll evil and fistula withers cause with bursitis?
swelling
fistula tract
purulent discharge
where is Trueperella pyogenes a commensal of?
nasopharyngeal commensal
what is Trueperella pyogenes a classic cause of?
chronic abscesses in cattle, pigs, sheep
what type of lesions does Trueperella pyogenes cause?
purulent
what is Trueperella pyogenes a co-pathogen in?
summer mastitis and foot rot
what is a urinary pathogen of pregnant sows?
Actinobaculum suis
how is Actinobaculum suis transmitted?
coitus
where is Actinobaculum suis a commensal of?
prepuce of boar
what are the signs of Actinobaculum suis?
usually not febrile
anorexia
dysuria, hematuria, pyuria
reddish brown color, ammonia color
true/false: Actinobaculum suis can cause ascending infections in sows
true
what promotes adherence of Actinobaculum suis?
fimbriae
what is Actinomyces viscosus a commensal of?
oral cavity of dogs
where is Actinomyces hordeovulneris found?
foxtails
what does Actinomyces hordeovulneris cause?
subcutaneous and visceral pyogranulomatous lesions
arthritis
peritonitis
pleuritis: pyothorax
are Nocardia spp aerobic or anaerobic?
aerobic
are Nocardia spp gram positive or gram negative?
gram positive
what do Nocardia spp look like when growing and not growing?
growing: filamentous
not growing: coccobacilli
are Nocardia spp opportunistic?
yes
how are Nocardia spp inoculated into soft tissues?
from soil: saprophytes
how do Nocardia spp infect?
inhalation
ingestion
wounds
teat canal
true/false: Nocardia spp invade and survive in macrophages and are intracellular therefore
true
what do Nocardia spp cause in dogs?
cutaneous pyogranulomatous (abscess, fistula)
pyothorax
disseminated: many organs
what do Nocardia spp cause in cattle?
chronic mastitis
abortion
farcy
are actinomycoses usually opportunistic?
yes
commensals oronasal, GI tract, genital tracts
what is the treatment of Actinomyces bovis?
surgical
long-term antibiotics
how can poll evil and fistulous withers be treated?
surgery
drainage
hot compresses
antibiotics
what can Trueperella pyogenes cause due to its ability to affect many systems?
pyometra
lymphadenitis
osteomyelitis
peritonitis
neural abscessation
arthritis
otitis
mastitis
how is Actinobaculum suis transmitted?
coitus
who does Actinobaculum suis usually affect?
older sows
who is Actinobaculum suis related to?
Trueperella sp
what does Actinobaculum suis have that promotes adherence?
fimbriae
how can we diagnose actinomycoses?
signalment, clinical signs, lesions
impression smear
culture
which Nocardia sp is important?
Nocardia asteroides
what do Nocardia spp cause in swine?
abortions
of Nocardia spp, Actinomycess sp, and Trueperella pyogenes/Actinobaculum suis, which ones are not acid-fast?
Actinomyces sp
Trueperella pyogenes/Actinobaculum suis
who does Dermatophilosis usually impact?
young
immunosuppressed
what does Dermatophilosis cause?
epidermal infections of large animals
what are the additional names for Dermatophilosis in horses?
rain scald/rot
grease heel
where does Dermatophilus congolensis persist?
skin of healthy animals
does Dermatophilus congolensis have zoospores?
yes: motile, resistant
