Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens part 2 Flashcards
where do Ehrlichiaea replicate?
within vacuoles of leukocytes and endothelial cells
Ehrlichia canis is transmitted by the ________________________________
brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus
what does Neorickettsia helminthoeca cause in dogs?
salmon poisoning: lymphoreticular tissues
what organism is Neorickettsia helminthoeca associated with?
Nanophyetus salminocola
what does Neorickettsia risticii cause in horses?
Potomac Horse Fever: equine diarrheal syndrome
what are the clinical signs associated with Neorickettsia risticii in horses?
fever
listlessness
anorexia
variable leukopenia
what are the vectors for Neorickettsia risticii?
parasitic flukes infecting freshwater snails
what is the most prevalent tick-borne pathogen of cattle worldwide?
Anaplasma marginale
what does Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause?
tick-borne fever in sheep, cattle, horses, and other species
is Anaplasma phagocytophilum zoonotic?
yes
what is the treatment and control for Neorickettsiosis?
tetracycline
reduce exposure to arthropod bites
some vaccines for Neorickettsia risticii
Mycoplasma are the ___________ of the free living prokaryotes and are devoid of ______________. Instead they are _______________________________________________
smallest
cell walls
bounded by a triple-layered membrane
what is Mycoplasma the name for?
class Mollicutes
what do clinical manifestations of Mollicutes include?
respiratory tract infection
arthritis
mastitis
who is Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides considered the most virulent for?
bovine: most virulent bovine mycoplasma
what does Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides cause in cattle?
respiratory disease
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: persistent subclinical to acute sometimes fatal
what is the most common cause of Mycoplasma mastitis?
M. bovis
what are the Mycoplasma species known to cause mastitis in cows?
M. bovis
M. californicum
M. canadense
what is the most costly disease of diary cattle?
mastitis
what does Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae cause in swine?
enzootic pneumonia
chronic nonproductive cough
what does Mycoplasma hyorhinis cause in swine?
systemic infection
fever, inappetence, listlessness
swelling of joints and lameness follow
what does Mycoplasma capricolum cause in goats?
contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
substantial pulmonary necrosis with marked serosanguinous fluid accumulation
what are Mycoplasma infections like in sheep compared to other species?
not as bad
what does Mycoplasma gallisepticum cause in birds?
chronic respiratory disease in chickens, turkeys, other domestic avian species
what does Mycoplasma haemofelis do?
infects cats
causes feline infectious anemia
who do Mycoplasma melagridis and M. iowae infect?
turkeys
what Mycoplasma can cause upper respiratory tract disease in tortoises?
M. agassizii
how can you diagnose Mycoplasma?
immunohistochemical or immunofluorescent methods
PCR amplification of specific DNA sequences
are Mycoplasma easy to eliminate from the environment?
yes: most cleaners work
what should you think about with antibiotics for Mycoplasma?
no cell wall: so those that inhibit cell wall synthesis will not work
what is the most prevalent tick-borne pathogen of cattle worldwide?
Anaplasma marginale
significant morbidity and mortality
who does Anaplasma phagocytophilum infect?
sheep
cattle
horses
other species (dogs and humans)
what does Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause?
tick-borne fever
infects neutrophils: vasculitis with thromboses, thrombocytopenia, and leucopenia
what does Anaplasma platys cause?
parasitizes canine thrombocytes causing thrombocytopenia
what do Ehrlichiaea do to cells?
enter via phagocytosis, inhibit phagolysosome fusion
grow in membrane-bound phagosome and release after cell lysis
what is infection by Ehrlichia canis characterized by?
anemia
vasculitis
thrombocytopenia
chronic: reduction all blood cells occurs with hemorrhage, enlargement of spleen and liver
Ehrlichia chaffensis proliferates in ____________________ of dogs and other animals. in humans, these bacteria can cause ____________________________
monocytes and macrophages
human monocytic ehrlichiosis
what does Ehrlichia ruminatium cause in ruminants in Africa and the Caribbean?
heartwater disease
frequently fatal CNS infection
what disease does Neorickettsia helminthoeca cause?
salmon poisoning: lymphoreticular tissues of canids
what platyhelminth is Neorickettsia helminthoeca associated with?
Nanophyetus salmincola
complex life cycle: snails and fish ass intermediates
where is salmon poisoning disease endemic?
snail intermediate host: Oxytrema silicula
northwestern United States
what does Neorickettsia risticii cause?
acute equine diarrheal syndrome called potomac horse fever/equine monocytic ehrlichiosis
what are the vectors for Neorickettsia risticii?
parasitic flukes infecting freshwater snails
what is the host specificity of Mollicutes?
most pathogenic species exhibit high degree
how does transmission of Mollicutes occur?
predominantly spread animal to animal through direct contact or respiratory aerosolization or venereal
are mycoplasma commensal?
many are
how do mycoplasma cause disease?
poorly understood
peroxide and superoxide: impair host membranes
lipoglycans: like endotoxins of gram negatives
what has Mycoplasma bovis done to bison?
killed
what can Mycoplasma bovis cause?
bovine pleuropneumonia
arthritis
abortion
mastitis
what does Mycoplasma hyosynoviae cause in swine?
arthritis
what do infections of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides present as in caprine?
mastitis
pneumonia
arthritis
what can Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma putrefaciens cause in caprine?
mastitis
arthritis
what is Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae associated with in ovine?
pneumonia
what causes mastitis in ovine?
Mycoplasma agalactiae
who do Mycoplasma melagridis and M. iowae infect?
turkeys
respiratory disease
who does Mycoplasma synoviae infect and what does it cause?
wide range birds
synovitis: lameness, swelling of joints and tendon sheaths, retarded growth
