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Veterinary Infectious Diseases > Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens part 2 > Flashcards

Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

where do Ehrlichiaea replicate?

A

within vacuoles of leukocytes and endothelial cells

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2
Q

Ehrlichia canis is transmitted by the ________________________________

A

brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus

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3
Q

what does Neorickettsia helminthoeca cause in dogs?

A

salmon poisoning: lymphoreticular tissues

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4
Q

what organism is Neorickettsia helminthoeca associated with?

A

Nanophyetus salminocola

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5
Q

what does Neorickettsia risticii cause in horses?

A

Potomac Horse Fever: equine diarrheal syndrome

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6
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with Neorickettsia risticii in horses?

A

fever
listlessness
anorexia
variable leukopenia

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7
Q

what are the vectors for Neorickettsia risticii?

A

parasitic flukes infecting freshwater snails

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8
Q

what is the most prevalent tick-borne pathogen of cattle worldwide?

A

Anaplasma marginale

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9
Q

what does Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause?

A

tick-borne fever in sheep, cattle, horses, and other species

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10
Q

is Anaplasma phagocytophilum zoonotic?

A

yes

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11
Q

what is the treatment and control for Neorickettsiosis?

A

tetracycline
reduce exposure to arthropod bites
some vaccines for Neorickettsia risticii

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12
Q

Mycoplasma are the ___________ of the free living prokaryotes and are devoid of ______________. Instead they are _______________________________________________

A

smallest
cell walls
bounded by a triple-layered membrane

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13
Q

what is Mycoplasma the name for?

A

class Mollicutes

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14
Q

what do clinical manifestations of Mollicutes include?

A

respiratory tract infection
arthritis
mastitis

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15
Q

who is Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides considered the most virulent for?

A

bovine: most virulent bovine mycoplasma

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16
Q

what does Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides cause in cattle?

A

respiratory disease
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: persistent subclinical to acute sometimes fatal

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17
Q

what is the most common cause of Mycoplasma mastitis?

A

M. bovis

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18
Q

what are the Mycoplasma species known to cause mastitis in cows?

A

M. bovis
M. californicum
M. canadense

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19
Q

what is the most costly disease of diary cattle?

A

mastitis

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20
Q

what does Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae cause in swine?

A

enzootic pneumonia
chronic nonproductive cough

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21
Q

what does Mycoplasma hyorhinis cause in swine?

A

systemic infection
fever, inappetence, listlessness
swelling of joints and lameness follow

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22
Q

what does Mycoplasma capricolum cause in goats?

A

contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
substantial pulmonary necrosis with marked serosanguinous fluid accumulation

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23
Q

what are Mycoplasma infections like in sheep compared to other species?

A

not as bad

24
Q

what does Mycoplasma gallisepticum cause in birds?

A

chronic respiratory disease in chickens, turkeys, other domestic avian species

25
Q

what does Mycoplasma haemofelis do?

A

infects cats
causes feline infectious anemia

26
Q

who do Mycoplasma melagridis and M. iowae infect?

A

turkeys

27
Q

what Mycoplasma can cause upper respiratory tract disease in tortoises?

A

M. agassizii

28
Q

how can you diagnose Mycoplasma?

A

immunohistochemical or immunofluorescent methods
PCR amplification of specific DNA sequences

29
Q

are Mycoplasma easy to eliminate from the environment?

A

yes: most cleaners work

30
Q

what should you think about with antibiotics for Mycoplasma?

A

no cell wall: so those that inhibit cell wall synthesis will not work

31
Q

what is the most prevalent tick-borne pathogen of cattle worldwide?

A

Anaplasma marginale
significant morbidity and mortality

32
Q

who does Anaplasma phagocytophilum infect?

A

sheep
cattle
horses
other species (dogs and humans)

33
Q

what does Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause?

A

tick-borne fever
infects neutrophils: vasculitis with thromboses, thrombocytopenia, and leucopenia

34
Q

what does Anaplasma platys cause?

A

parasitizes canine thrombocytes causing thrombocytopenia

35
Q

what do Ehrlichiaea do to cells?

A

enter via phagocytosis, inhibit phagolysosome fusion
grow in membrane-bound phagosome and release after cell lysis

36
Q

what is infection by Ehrlichia canis characterized by?

A

anemia
vasculitis
thrombocytopenia
chronic: reduction all blood cells occurs with hemorrhage, enlargement of spleen and liver

37
Q

Ehrlichia chaffensis proliferates in ____________________ of dogs and other animals. in humans, these bacteria can cause ____________________________

A

monocytes and macrophages
human monocytic ehrlichiosis

38
Q

what does Ehrlichia ruminatium cause in ruminants in Africa and the Caribbean?

A

heartwater disease
frequently fatal CNS infection

39
Q

what disease does Neorickettsia helminthoeca cause?

A

salmon poisoning: lymphoreticular tissues of canids

40
Q

what platyhelminth is Neorickettsia helminthoeca associated with?

A

Nanophyetus salmincola
complex life cycle: snails and fish ass intermediates

41
Q

where is salmon poisoning disease endemic?

A

snail intermediate host: Oxytrema silicula
northwestern United States

42
Q

what does Neorickettsia risticii cause?

A

acute equine diarrheal syndrome called potomac horse fever/equine monocytic ehrlichiosis

43
Q

what are the vectors for Neorickettsia risticii?

A

parasitic flukes infecting freshwater snails

44
Q

what is the host specificity of Mollicutes?

A

most pathogenic species exhibit high degree

45
Q

how does transmission of Mollicutes occur?

A

predominantly spread animal to animal through direct contact or respiratory aerosolization or venereal

46
Q

are mycoplasma commensal?

A

many are

47
Q

how do mycoplasma cause disease?

A

poorly understood
peroxide and superoxide: impair host membranes
lipoglycans: like endotoxins of gram negatives

48
Q

what has Mycoplasma bovis done to bison?

A

killed

49
Q

what can Mycoplasma bovis cause?

A

bovine pleuropneumonia
arthritis
abortion
mastitis

50
Q

what does Mycoplasma hyosynoviae cause in swine?

A

arthritis

51
Q

what do infections of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides present as in caprine?

A

mastitis
pneumonia
arthritis

52
Q

what can Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma putrefaciens cause in caprine?

A

mastitis
arthritis

53
Q

what is Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae associated with in ovine?

A

pneumonia

54
Q

what causes mastitis in ovine?

A

Mycoplasma agalactiae

55
Q

who do Mycoplasma melagridis and M. iowae infect?

A

turkeys
respiratory disease

56
Q

who does Mycoplasma synoviae infect and what does it cause?

A

wide range birds
synovitis: lameness, swelling of joints and tendon sheaths, retarded growth

Veterinary Infectious Diseases (29 decks)

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