Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens part 2

Question 1

where do Ehrlichiaea replicate?

Answer 1

within vacuoles of leukocytes and endothelial cells

Question 2

Ehrlichia canis is transmitted by the ________________________________

Answer 2

brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Question 3

what does Neorickettsia helminthoeca cause in dogs?

Answer 3

salmon poisoning: lymphoreticular tissues

Question 4

what organism is Neorickettsia helminthoeca associated with?

Answer 4

Nanophyetus salminocola

Question 5

what does Neorickettsia risticii cause in horses?

Answer 5

Potomac Horse Fever: equine diarrheal syndrome

Question 6

what are the clinical signs associated with Neorickettsia risticii in horses?

Answer 6

fever
listlessness
anorexia
variable leukopenia

Question 7

what are the vectors for Neorickettsia risticii?

Answer 7

parasitic flukes infecting freshwater snails

Question 8

what is the most prevalent tick-borne pathogen of cattle worldwide?

Answer 8

Anaplasma marginale

Question 9

what does Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause?

Answer 9

tick-borne fever in sheep, cattle, horses, and other species

Question 10

is Anaplasma phagocytophilum zoonotic?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

what is the treatment and control for Neorickettsiosis?

Answer 11

tetracycline
reduce exposure to arthropod bites
some vaccines for Neorickettsia risticii

Question 12

Mycoplasma are the ___________ of the free living prokaryotes and are devoid of ______________. Instead they are _______________________________________________

Answer 12

smallest
cell walls
bounded by a triple-layered membrane

Question 13

what is Mycoplasma the name for?

Answer 13

class Mollicutes

Question 14

what do clinical manifestations of Mollicutes include?

Answer 14

respiratory tract infection
arthritis
mastitis

Question 15

who is Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides considered the most virulent for?

Answer 15

bovine: most virulent bovine mycoplasma

Question 16

what does Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides cause in cattle?

Answer 16

respiratory disease
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: persistent subclinical to acute sometimes fatal

Question 17

what is the most common cause of Mycoplasma mastitis?

Answer 17

M. bovis

Question 18

what are the Mycoplasma species known to cause mastitis in cows?

Answer 18

M. bovis
M. californicum
M. canadense

Question 19

what is the most costly disease of diary cattle?

Answer 19

mastitis

Question 20

what does Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae cause in swine?

Answer 20

enzootic pneumonia
chronic nonproductive cough

Question 21

what does Mycoplasma hyorhinis cause in swine?

Answer 21

systemic infection
fever, inappetence, listlessness
swelling of joints and lameness follow

Question 22

what does Mycoplasma capricolum cause in goats?

Answer 22

contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
substantial pulmonary necrosis with marked serosanguinous fluid accumulation

Question 23

what are Mycoplasma infections like in sheep compared to other species?

Answer 23

not as bad

Question 24

what does Mycoplasma gallisepticum cause in birds?

Answer 24

chronic respiratory disease in chickens, turkeys, other domestic avian species

Question 25

what does Mycoplasma haemofelis do?

Answer 25

infects cats causes feline infectious anemia

Question 26

who do Mycoplasma melagridis and M. iowae infect?

Answer 26

turkeys

Question 27

what Mycoplasma can cause upper respiratory tract disease in tortoises?

Answer 27

M. agassizii

Question 28

how can you diagnose Mycoplasma?

Answer 28

immunohistochemical or immunofluorescent methods PCR amplification of specific DNA sequences

Question 29

are Mycoplasma easy to eliminate from the environment?

Answer 29

yes: most cleaners work

Question 30

what should you think about with antibiotics for Mycoplasma?

Answer 30

no cell wall: so those that inhibit cell wall synthesis will not work

Question 31

what is the most prevalent tick-borne pathogen of cattle worldwide?

Answer 31

Anaplasma marginale significant morbidity and mortality

Question 32

who does Anaplasma phagocytophilum infect?

Answer 32

sheep cattle horses other species (dogs and humans)

Question 33

what does Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause?

Answer 33

tick-borne fever infects neutrophils: vasculitis with thromboses, thrombocytopenia, and leucopenia

Question 34

what does Anaplasma platys cause?

Answer 34

parasitizes canine thrombocytes causing thrombocytopenia

Question 35

what do Ehrlichiaea do to cells?

Answer 35

enter via phagocytosis, inhibit phagolysosome fusion grow in membrane-bound phagosome and release after cell lysis

Question 36

what is infection by Ehrlichia canis characterized by?

Answer 36

anemia vasculitis thrombocytopenia chronic: reduction all blood cells occurs with hemorrhage, enlargement of spleen and liver

Question 37

Ehrlichia chaffensis proliferates in ____________________ of dogs and other animals. in humans, these bacteria can cause ____________________________

Answer 37

monocytes and macrophages human monocytic ehrlichiosis

Question 38

what does Ehrlichia ruminatium cause in ruminants in Africa and the Caribbean?

Answer 38

heartwater disease frequently fatal CNS infection

Question 39

what disease does Neorickettsia helminthoeca cause?

Answer 39

salmon poisoning: lymphoreticular tissues of canids

Question 40

what platyhelminth is Neorickettsia helminthoeca associated with?

Answer 40

Nanophyetus salmincola complex life cycle: snails and fish ass intermediates

Question 41

where is salmon poisoning disease endemic?

Answer 41

snail intermediate host: Oxytrema silicula northwestern United States

Question 42

what does Neorickettsia risticii cause?

Answer 42

acute equine diarrheal syndrome called potomac horse fever/equine monocytic ehrlichiosis

Question 43

what are the vectors for Neorickettsia risticii?

Answer 43

parasitic flukes infecting freshwater snails

Question 44

what is the host specificity of Mollicutes?

Answer 44

most pathogenic species exhibit high degree

Question 45

how does transmission of Mollicutes occur?

Answer 45

predominantly spread animal to animal through direct contact or respiratory aerosolization or venereal

Question 46

are mycoplasma commensal?

Answer 46

many are

Question 47

how do mycoplasma cause disease?

Answer 47

poorly understood peroxide and superoxide: impair host membranes lipoglycans: like endotoxins of gram negatives

Question 48

what has Mycoplasma bovis done to bison?

Answer 48

killed

Question 49

what can Mycoplasma bovis cause?

Answer 49

bovine pleuropneumonia arthritis abortion mastitis

Question 50

what does Mycoplasma hyosynoviae cause in swine?

Answer 50

arthritis

Question 51

what do infections of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides present as in caprine?

Answer 51

mastitis pneumonia arthritis

Question 52

what can Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma putrefaciens cause in caprine?

Answer 52

mastitis arthritis

Question 53

what is Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae associated with in ovine?

Answer 53

pneumonia

Question 54

what causes mastitis in ovine?

Answer 54

Mycoplasma agalactiae

Question 55

who do Mycoplasma melagridis and M. iowae infect?

Answer 55

turkeys respiratory disease

Question 56

who does Mycoplasma synoviae infect and what does it cause?

Answer 56

wide range birds synovitis: lameness, swelling of joints and tendon sheaths, retarded growth