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Veterinary Infectious Diseases > SQ, Deep, and Systemic Mycoses > Flashcards

SQ, Deep, and Systemic Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

can pulmonary fungi cause systemic disease in healthy hosts?

A

yes

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2
Q

how does infection by Blastomycosis occur?

A

inhalation

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3
Q

what is the typical Blastomycosis patient?

A

young
male
large breed
hunting dog
eastern US, Canada, Africa, India

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4
Q

is Blastomycosis contagious between animals and humans?

A

no

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5
Q

what are the virulence factors of Blastomyces dermatitidis?

A

Blastomyces adhesin-1 (BAD-1)
attaches and impairs production of inflammatory cytokines (evasion)
thick wall prevents phagocytosis

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6
Q

is Histoplasma capsulatum intracellular?

A

yes: macrophages

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7
Q

who is Coccidiomycosis most common in?

A

dogs mostly
less common in horses and cats in endemic areas

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8
Q

how does infection by Coccidiomycosis occur?

A

inhalation of arthrospores

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9
Q

is Coccidioides immitis contagious between animals and people?

A

no

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10
Q

what are the subcutaneous, fascia fungi?

A

Aspergillus: monomorphic
Candida: polymorphic

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11
Q

how is Sporothrix schenckii spread?

A

inoculation of wounds: SQ, fascia, lymphatics
contagious: carrier cats spread by fighting, grooming

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12
Q

how do people get Sporotrichosis?

A

cats
roses

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13
Q

what is Cryptococcus neoformans a commensal of?

A

pigeon gastrointestinal tract

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14
Q

how does infection of Cryptococcus neoformans occur?

A

inhalation

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15
Q

who does Cryptococcus neoformans infect?

A

opportunistic: dogs and cats
humans: pigeon handlers

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16
Q

where does Cryptococcosis commonly infect?

A

face, head, nasal cavity, sinus, brain of cats
usually no lungs

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17
Q

where does Cyrptococcosis disseminate to and what does this lead to?

A

brain
bones
immunodeficiency

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18
Q

Aspergillus spp are a _______________ mold that cause ______________________________

A

monomorphic
many diseases

19
Q

what causes guttural pouch mycosis?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

20
Q

who gets mycotic abortion from Aspergillus fumigatus?

A

horses
cattle
swine

21
Q

are pulmonary fungi monomorphic, dimorphic, or polymorphic?

A

dimorphic

22
Q

_________ is resistant to neutrophils, not ___________

A

yeast
hyphae

23
Q

what type of infection does Blastomycosis cause?

A

granulomatous

24
Q

what does Blastomysosis affecting bone marrow lead to?

A

anemia
leukopenia

25
Q

what does Blastomycosis cause in the eyes?

A

uveitis
ophthalmitis

26
Q

what does Histoplasma capsulatum cause?

A

histoplasmosis in dogs and cats

27
Q

what do Histoplasmosis capsulatum look like?

A

tiny
intracellular (macrophages)

28
Q

how does Histoplasmosis capsulatum survive in the host?

A

capsule: resists low pH, survives in macrophages
enzymes: catalase degrades H2O2
harvests host’s iron

29
Q

what does disseminated Histoplasmosis lead to?

A

death

30
Q

what is the presentation of Histoplasmosis?

A

like blasto
pneumonia
skin, eye, CNS, bone, lymph nodes

31
Q

what does Histoplasmosis cause as a gastrointestinal pathogen in dogs?

A

diarrhea, weight loss
malabsorption, maldigestion
granulomatous enteritis

32
Q

is Histoplasmosis contagious between humans and animals?

A

no

33
Q

how does Coccidioides immitis survive in the host?

A

spherule size prevents phagocytosis
proteases: digest antibodies on surface

34
Q

what is the dimorphism of Coccidioides immitis?

A

environment: mold with arthrospore
tissue: spherules with endospores

35
Q

how do people get valley fever/Coccidiomycosis?

A

dry dusty soil
inhalation

36
Q

how many with Coccidiomycosis are asymptomatic?

A

70%

37
Q

what are the signs of Coccidiomycosis?

A

chronic debilitating
respiratory signs
possible systemic spread from lungs
same as Blastomyces and Histoplasma

38
Q

what does Sporothrix schenckii cause?

A

chronic cutaneous and lymphocutaneous disease

39
Q

what does Cryptcoccus neoformans cause?

A

granulomas and tumor-like myxomatous masses
dissemination to brain, bones, etc: immunodeficiency

40
Q

are Aspergillus spp opportunistic?

A

yes

41
Q

what do Aspergillus spp cause?

A

air sacculitis and pneumonia
guttural pouch mycosis
mycotic abortion, mastitis
mycotic keratitis
mycotic osteomyelitis
allergy to spore
mycotoxicosis

42
Q

what do Aspergillus spp cause in birds?

A

air sacculitis
pneumonia
brooder pneumonia

43
Q

where do Sporothrix, Crytococcus, Aspergillus, and Candida usually infect?

A

subcutaneous
fascia
lymphatic

Veterinary Infectious Diseases (29 decks)

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