SQ, Deep, and Systemic Mycoses Flashcards
can pulmonary fungi cause systemic disease in healthy hosts?
yes
how does infection by Blastomycosis occur?
inhalation
what is the typical Blastomycosis patient?
young
male
large breed
hunting dog
eastern US, Canada, Africa, India
is Blastomycosis contagious between animals and humans?
no
what are the virulence factors of Blastomyces dermatitidis?
Blastomyces adhesin-1 (BAD-1)
attaches and impairs production of inflammatory cytokines (evasion)
thick wall prevents phagocytosis
is Histoplasma capsulatum intracellular?
yes: macrophages
who is Coccidiomycosis most common in?
dogs mostly
less common in horses and cats in endemic areas
how does infection by Coccidiomycosis occur?
inhalation of arthrospores
is Coccidioides immitis contagious between animals and people?
no
what are the subcutaneous, fascia fungi?
Aspergillus: monomorphic
Candida: polymorphic
how is Sporothrix schenckii spread?
inoculation of wounds: SQ, fascia, lymphatics
contagious: carrier cats spread by fighting, grooming
how do people get Sporotrichosis?
cats
roses
what is Cryptococcus neoformans a commensal of?
pigeon gastrointestinal tract
how does infection of Cryptococcus neoformans occur?
inhalation
who does Cryptococcus neoformans infect?
opportunistic: dogs and cats
humans: pigeon handlers
where does Cryptococcosis commonly infect?
face, head, nasal cavity, sinus, brain of cats
usually no lungs
where does Cyrptococcosis disseminate to and what does this lead to?
brain
bones
immunodeficiency
Aspergillus spp are a _______________ mold that cause ______________________________
monomorphic
many diseases
what causes guttural pouch mycosis?
Aspergillus fumigatus
who gets mycotic abortion from Aspergillus fumigatus?
horses
cattle
swine
are pulmonary fungi monomorphic, dimorphic, or polymorphic?
dimorphic
_________ is resistant to neutrophils, not ___________
yeast
hyphae
what type of infection does Blastomycosis cause?
granulomatous
what does Blastomysosis affecting bone marrow lead to?
anemia
leukopenia
what does Blastomycosis cause in the eyes?
uveitis
ophthalmitis
what does Histoplasma capsulatum cause?
histoplasmosis in dogs and cats
what do Histoplasmosis capsulatum look like?
tiny
intracellular (macrophages)
how does Histoplasmosis capsulatum survive in the host?
capsule: resists low pH, survives in macrophages
enzymes: catalase degrades H2O2
harvests host’s iron
what does disseminated Histoplasmosis lead to?
death
what is the presentation of Histoplasmosis?
like blasto
pneumonia
skin, eye, CNS, bone, lymph nodes
what does Histoplasmosis cause as a gastrointestinal pathogen in dogs?
diarrhea, weight loss
malabsorption, maldigestion
granulomatous enteritis
is Histoplasmosis contagious between humans and animals?
no
how does Coccidioides immitis survive in the host?
spherule size prevents phagocytosis
proteases: digest antibodies on surface
what is the dimorphism of Coccidioides immitis?
environment: mold with arthrospore
tissue: spherules with endospores
how do people get valley fever/Coccidiomycosis?
dry dusty soil
inhalation
how many with Coccidiomycosis are asymptomatic?
70%
what are the signs of Coccidiomycosis?
chronic debilitating
respiratory signs
possible systemic spread from lungs
same as Blastomyces and Histoplasma
what does Sporothrix schenckii cause?
chronic cutaneous and lymphocutaneous disease
what does Cryptcoccus neoformans cause?
granulomas and tumor-like myxomatous masses
dissemination to brain, bones, etc: immunodeficiency
are Aspergillus spp opportunistic?
yes
what do Aspergillus spp cause?
air sacculitis and pneumonia
guttural pouch mycosis
mycotic abortion, mastitis
mycotic keratitis
mycotic osteomyelitis
allergy to spore
mycotoxicosis
what do Aspergillus spp cause in birds?
air sacculitis
pneumonia
brooder pneumonia
where do Sporothrix, Crytococcus, Aspergillus, and Candida usually infect?
subcutaneous
fascia
lymphatic
