SQ, Deep, and Systemic Mycoses

Question 1

can pulmonary fungi cause systemic disease in healthy hosts?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

how does infection by Blastomycosis occur?

Answer 2

inhalation

Question 3

what is the typical Blastomycosis patient?

Answer 3

young
male
large breed
hunting dog
eastern US, Canada, Africa, India

Question 4

is Blastomycosis contagious between animals and humans?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what are the virulence factors of Blastomyces dermatitidis?

Answer 5

Blastomyces adhesin-1 (BAD-1)
attaches and impairs production of inflammatory cytokines (evasion)
thick wall prevents phagocytosis

Question 6

is Histoplasma capsulatum intracellular?

Answer 6

yes: macrophages

Question 7

who is Coccidiomycosis most common in?

Answer 7

dogs mostly
less common in horses and cats in endemic areas

Question 8

how does infection by Coccidiomycosis occur?

Answer 8

inhalation of arthrospores

Question 9

is Coccidioides immitis contagious between animals and people?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

what are the subcutaneous, fascia fungi?

Answer 10

Aspergillus: monomorphic
Candida: polymorphic

Question 11

how is Sporothrix schenckii spread?

Answer 11

inoculation of wounds: SQ, fascia, lymphatics
contagious: carrier cats spread by fighting, grooming

Question 12

how do people get Sporotrichosis?

Answer 12

cats
roses

Question 13

what is Cryptococcus neoformans a commensal of?

Answer 13

pigeon gastrointestinal tract

Question 14

how does infection of Cryptococcus neoformans occur?

Answer 14

inhalation

Question 15

who does Cryptococcus neoformans infect?

Answer 15

opportunistic: dogs and cats
humans: pigeon handlers

Question 16

where does Cryptococcosis commonly infect?

Answer 16

face, head, nasal cavity, sinus, brain of cats
usually no lungs

Question 17

where does Cyrptococcosis disseminate to and what does this lead to?

Answer 17

brain
bones
immunodeficiency

Question 18

Aspergillus spp are a _______________ mold that cause ______________________________

Answer 18

monomorphic
many diseases

Question 19

what causes guttural pouch mycosis?

Answer 19

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 20

who gets mycotic abortion from Aspergillus fumigatus?

Answer 20

horses
cattle
swine

Question 21

are pulmonary fungi monomorphic, dimorphic, or polymorphic?

Answer 21

dimorphic

Question 22

_________ is resistant to neutrophils, not ___________

Answer 22

yeast
hyphae

Question 23

what type of infection does Blastomycosis cause?

Answer 23

granulomatous

Question 24

what does Blastomysosis affecting bone marrow lead to?

Answer 24

anemia
leukopenia

Question 25

what does Blastomycosis cause in the eyes?

Answer 25

uveitis ophthalmitis

Question 26

what does Histoplasma capsulatum cause?

Answer 26

histoplasmosis in dogs and cats

Question 27

what do Histoplasmosis capsulatum look like?

Answer 27

tiny intracellular (macrophages)

Question 28

how does Histoplasmosis capsulatum survive in the host?

Answer 28

capsule: resists low pH, survives in macrophages enzymes: catalase degrades H2O2 harvests host's iron

Question 29

what does disseminated Histoplasmosis lead to?

Answer 29

death

Question 30

what is the presentation of Histoplasmosis?

Answer 30

like blasto pneumonia skin, eye, CNS, bone, lymph nodes

Question 31

what does Histoplasmosis cause as a gastrointestinal pathogen in dogs?

Answer 31

diarrhea, weight loss malabsorption, maldigestion granulomatous enteritis

Question 32

is Histoplasmosis contagious between humans and animals?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

how does Coccidioides immitis survive in the host?

Answer 33

spherule size prevents phagocytosis proteases: digest antibodies on surface

Question 34

what is the dimorphism of Coccidioides immitis?

Answer 34

environment: mold with arthrospore tissue: spherules with endospores

Question 35

how do people get valley fever/Coccidiomycosis?

Answer 35

dry dusty soil inhalation

Question 36

how many with Coccidiomycosis are asymptomatic?

Answer 36

70%

Question 37

what are the signs of Coccidiomycosis?

Answer 37

chronic debilitating respiratory signs possible systemic spread from lungs same as Blastomyces and Histoplasma

Question 38

what does Sporothrix schenckii cause?

Answer 38

chronic cutaneous and lymphocutaneous disease

Question 39

what does Cryptcoccus neoformans cause?

Answer 39

granulomas and tumor-like myxomatous masses dissemination to brain, bones, etc: immunodeficiency

Question 40

are Aspergillus spp opportunistic?

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

what do Aspergillus spp cause?

Answer 41

air sacculitis and pneumonia guttural pouch mycosis mycotic abortion, mastitis mycotic keratitis mycotic osteomyelitis allergy to spore mycotoxicosis

Question 42

what do Aspergillus spp cause in birds?

Answer 42

air sacculitis pneumonia brooder pneumonia

Question 43

where do Sporothrix, Crytococcus, Aspergillus, and Candida usually infect?

Answer 43

subcutaneous fascia lymphatic