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Systemic Viral Disease Flashcards

1
Q

are RNA or DNA viruses more error prone?

A

RNA

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2
Q

what is bluetongue virus?

A

reoviridae
dsRNA
non-enveloped

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3
Q

who does bluetongue virus affect?

A

primarily sheep
rarely goat, cattle, deer, antelope

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4
Q

what does bluetongue virus do?

A

damages vascular endothelium: permeability of capillaries and intravascular coagulation

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5
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with bluetongue virus?

A

high fever
lameness
salivation
nasal discharge
tongue may be cyanotic
swollen face and tongue
+/- reproductive failure

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6
Q

how is bluetongue virus transmitted?

A

biting midges: culicoides spp
in utero transmission (often fatal)
no direct animal-animal transmission

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7
Q

what cells does bluetongue virus infect?

A

epithelial
macrophages
dendritic cells
vascular endothelium

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8
Q

is there treatment for bluetongue virus?

A

no curative

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9
Q

which vaccine for bluetongue virus is approved in the US?

A

monovalent attenuated modified live vaccine to serotype 10

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10
Q

what is infectious bursal disease?

A

birnaviridae
dsRNA
non-enveloped

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11
Q

how many serotypes are there with infectious bursal disease?

A

two
serotype 1: pathogenic in chickens
serotype 2: asymptomatic carriage

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12
Q

what does infectious bursal disease cause clinically?

A

highly contagious
young chickens and turkeys primarily
depression, ruffled feather, dehydration
watery diarrhea
immunosuppression
20-30% mortality

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13
Q

what cells does infectious bursal disease impact?

A

B cells devoid of Ig or that have surface IgM only
cloacal bursa: viral bursectomy

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14
Q

what does the viral bursectomy by infectious bursal disease lead to?

A

decreased antibodies
poor response to vaccines
secondary infections

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15
Q

how is infectious bursal disease transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

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16
Q

what is malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)?

A

herpesviridae
dsDNA
enveloped

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17
Q

who does alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 impact?

A

wildebeest
malignant catarrhal fever

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18
Q

who does ovine herpesvirus-2 impact and what is it?

A

sheep
malignant catarrhal fever
accidental hosts: bison, deer, antelope

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19
Q

what does malignant catarrhal fever cause?

A

multisystemic
lymphoid proliferation
widespread vascular epithelial and mesothelial lesions

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20
Q

what does malignant catarrhal fever do to lymphocytes?

A

widespread lymphoblastic vasculitis with fibrinoid vascular necrosis and thrombosis associated with macroscopic lesions

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21
Q

what are the four forms of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

peracute
head and eye
intestinal
mild

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22
Q

what happens in the peracute form of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

severe oral and nasal mucosal inflammation
hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
sudden death

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23
Q

what is the most common form of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

head and eye

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24
Q

what is marek’s disease?

A

herpesviridae
marek’s disease virus
enveloped
dsDNA

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25
what major things can be seen in marek's disease?
chicken T cell lymphomas peripheral nerve enlargement neurologic disorders
26
how is marek's disease transmitted?
inhalation of dander
27
what is feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)?
feline infectious peritonitis virus +ssRNA enveloped
28
how does feline infectious peritonitis develop?
from mutations in S-proteins of ubiquitous feline enteric coronavirus
29
what are the typical sites of disease of feline infectious peritonitis?
peritoneal and thoracic cavities ocular and central nervous system kidneys
30
what are the two forms of feline infectious peritonitis?
wet form dry form
31
what happens in the inflammatory process of FIP?
chronic, progressive, fatal, systemic inflammation due to within-the-host viral mutation and atypical host responses cytokines produced by FIPV-infected cells drive positive feedback loops some anti-S antibodies enhance FIPV entry into monocytes and macrophages
32
how is feline infectious peritonitis transmitted?
not contagious itself: mutations develop in each cat parent virus feline enteric coronavirus transmitted from queens to kittens
33
what is border disease?
Flaviviridae border disease virus +ssRNA
34
what are the clinical features and epidemiology of border disease?
congenital disease of lambs rare in goats: abortion
35
what can be seen in congenital disease of lambs in border disease?
abortions low birth weight poor viability musculoskeletal defects abnormal myelination excessively hairy coat
36
what are the cell targets of infection with border disease?
oligodendrocytes thyroid epithelial cells epithelium of secondary hair follicles (?)
37
what is infectious salmon anemia?
Orthomyxoviridae -ssRNA enveloped
38
what does infectious salmon anemia do?
infects red blood cells
39
what are the clinical signs with salmon infectious anemia?
abnormal swimming/close to surface swollen abdomen skin lesions/petecchia pale gills, raised scales, bulging eyes swollen kidney, spleen, liver
40
in what species is salmon infectious anemia subclinical?
herring cod pollock
41
what is equine viral arteritis?
arteriviridae +ssRNA enveloped
42
what virus causes equine viral arteritis?
equine arteritis virus
43
what are the clinical features of equine viral arteritis?
fever, URI, leukopenia edema, effusion, hemorrhages abortion: autolytic fetuses urticaria most subclinical many clinical signs: periorbital edema and conjunctivitis are classic
44
what are the cell targets of infection of equine viral arteritis?
initial: cytoplasm of pulmonary macrophages then lymph nodes and endothelial cells also: epithelial, mesothelial, vascular smooth muscle
45
from the stallion carrier state, where is equine viral arteritis shed from?
reproductive tract
46
how is equine viral arteritis transmitted?
horizontal: aerosol, biting, venereal, urine, feces breeding/semen is major route
47
what is feline immunodeficiency virus?
retroviridae +ssRNA enveloped
48
what is important about the feline immunodeficiency virus ssRNA genome?
has DNA intermediates that can integrate into the hose genome reverse transcriptase
49
what signs are associated with feline immunodeficiency virus?
fever lymphadenopathy leukopenia
50
what are the signs of feline immunodeficiency virus due to?
viral infection of lymphocytes and initial immune stimulation
51
what are the typical feline immunodeficiency virus mechanisms of disease?
targets and kills immune cells, especially CD4 T helper cells humoral and cell mediated immunity rare rapid mutation rate
52
what is feline leukemia virus?
retroviridae +ssRNA enveloped
53
how many subtypes of feline leukemia virus are associated with particular disease manifestations?
4
54
what is feline leukemia virus A associated with?
low pathogenicity
55
what is feline leukemia virus T associated with?
wasting and immune suppression due to tropism for T cells
56
how can feline leukemia virus impact bone marrow?
dysplasias leukemias fibrosis
57
what cats typically get feline leukemia virus-associated lymphomas?
younger to middle-aged
58
where are feline leukemia virus-associated lymphomas located?
thymus eyes central nervous system multicentric
59
how is feline leukemia transmitted?
horizontal: oronasal through saliva vertical: transplacental
60
what is equine infectious anemia?
retroviridae +ssRNA enveloped
61
what are the 5 forms of equine infectious anemia?
acute subacute chronic latent neurotropic
62
what are the cell targets of equine infectious anemia?
monocytes first then viral replication associated with tissue macrophages
63
what drives disease manifestation of equine infectious anemia in susceptible horses?
cyclical viral replication and host responses
64
what are some bad immune responses to equine infectious anemia?
complement-mediated lysis of red blood cells and platelets antigen-antibody complexes deposited in kidneys lead to glomerulonephritis and possibly vasculitis
65
what are the ways that equine infectious anemia can be transmitted?
horseflies and stable flies are mechanical vectors reusing needles or inadequate sterilization transplacental
66
is bluetongue virus enveloped and what is the genome?
no dsRNA
67
what is serotype 2 of infectious bursal disease?
asymptomatic carriage
68
what is serotype 1 of infectious bursal disease?
pathogenic in chickens
69
does infectious bursal disease affect stem cells or peripheral B cells?
no
70
what is the reservoir of infectious bursal disease?
chicken feces
71
how does malignant catarrhal fever often present?
no overt signs
72
what happens in the head and eye form of malignant catarrhal fever?
early: fever, reddened mucosa, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity late: necrosis and hyperemia in oral cavity
73
what happens in the intestinal form of malignant catarrhal fever?
early: pyrexia, hyperemic oral and nasal mucosa with profuse catarrhal and mucopurulent discharge, generalized lymphadenopathy, death from severe diarrhea prior to necrotic lesions
74
is there a vaccine for malignant catarrhal fever?
no
75
what is mareks disease taken up by?
macrophages
76
where does mareks disease replicate?
respiratory tract and feather follicle
77
what do the mutations in feline infectious peritonitis permit?
infection of monocytes and macrophages that cannot eliminate the virus
78
how is feline infectious peritonitis driven by inflammation?
chronic, progressive, fatal, systemic inflammation due to within-the-host viral mutation and atypical host responses cytokines produced by FIPV-infected cells drive positive feedback loops some anti-S antibodies enhance FIPV entry into monocytes and macrophages
79
what might the wet form of feline infectious peritonitis reflect?
TH2 immune response bias
80
what might the dry form of feline infectious peritonitis reflect?
TH1 immune response bias
81
does border disease affect goats?
rarely abortion
82
what is the major route of equine viral arteritis transmission?
breeding/semen
83
why is it important that feline immunodeficiency virus has a rapid mutation rate?
antiviral antibodies and antigen-specific T cells produced too slow and late
84
what is the unusual feline immunodeficiency virus mechanism of disease?
neurotropic FIV strains infect CNS cells microglia and astrocytes
85
in how many infected cats does progressive/persistent infection of feline leukemia develop?
1/3
86
is feline leukemia virus associated with gastrointestinal tract lymphomas?
no
87
what can progressive feline leukemia virus lead to?
cell growth disturbances: bone marrow, FeLV-associated lymphomas immunopathologic diseases: immune suppression, immunocomplex deposition
88
what is the most common form of equine infectious anemia?
latent
89
what are the two immune response options with equine infectious anemia?
good: clear with humoral and cell-mediated bad: complement-mediated lysis of red blood cells and platelets
90
what are the signs of bovine leukosis?
none

Veterinary Infectious Diseases (29 decks)

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