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Veterinary Infectious Diseases > Genitourinary Disease > Flashcards

Genitourinary Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what does porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) cause?

A

blue ear: viremia, intravascular macrophages
early farrowing
small litter size, weak piglets
stillbirth, mummification, abortion

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2
Q

what is currently the most economically devastating swine disease in the USA?

A

porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

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3
Q

describe the porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus

A

arteriviridae
enveloped
highly diverse
+ssRNA

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4
Q

how does porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus enter the body?

A

enters macrophages and disseminates
replicates in lymphoid tissue

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5
Q

what cells does porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus target?

A

alveolar macrophages
intravascular macrophages

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6
Q

how does porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus evade the immune system?

A

inhibits macrophage apoptosis, suppresses interferon
inhibits antibody via decoy epitopes

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7
Q

how is porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus diagnosed?

A

clinical signs
necropsy
serology
PCR
virus isolation

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8
Q

what are some secondary infections that can infect swine with porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
Haemophilus parasuis
Streptococcus suis
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

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9
Q

how is porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome transmitted?

A

direct contact with mucosal surfaces
AI/breeding through infected boar semen
contact with fresh feces/urine
transplacental

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10
Q

why is porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome hard to get rid of?

A

endemic within most swine herds
reservoir is carrier swine (persists many months)
shed in nasal secretions, saliva, urine, feces, semen, milk

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11
Q

what is the hallmark of porcine parvovirus (PPV)?

A

litter with dead fetuses of various sizes

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12
Q

what does porcine parvovirus cause with reproduction?

A

stillbirths
mummification
early embryonic death
infertility

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13
Q

describe the porcine parvovirus virus

A

parvoviridae
non-enveloped
ssDNA
very stable

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14
Q

why is porcine parvovirus hard to get rid of?

A

endemic within most swine herds
reservoirs are carrier swine and contaminated environment

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15
Q

how is porcine parvovirus transmitted?

A

contact/ingestion via interaction with carriers and environment

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16
Q

who does porcine parvovirus primarily affect?

A

gilts
naive sows

17
Q

what cells does porcine parvovirus target?

A

replicating cells
intestinal progenitor cells
haematopoietic precursor cells
lymphocytes

18
Q

which viral genome has the highest mutation rate?

A

ssRNA

19
Q

when does porcine parvovirus infect the fetus?

A

15 days after gilt/naive sow is infected

20
Q

what happens if a fetus <30 days is infected with porcine parvovirus?

A

fetal resorption
gilt/sow returns to estrus

21
Q

what is the range of size that covers most viruses?

A

20-300 nm
some much larger

22
Q

what happens if a fetus >70 days is infected with porcine parvovirus?

A

fetus mounts immune response
persistently infected and shed chronically, may be unthrifty

23
Q

how is an enveloped virus most commonly released from the host cell?

A

budding

24
Q

how is porcine parvovirus diagnosed?

A

clinical signs
PCR
virus isolation

25
Q

why is serology not super useful in diagnosing porcine parvovirus?

A

typically endemic

26
Q

what is the treatment for porcine parvovirus?

A

no treatment

27
Q

why is it hard to eradicate porcine parvovirus?

A

ability of it to survive in environment long-term

28
Q

what is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome likely derived from?

A

lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus

29
Q

what is the treatment for porcine parvovirus?

A

none

Veterinary Infectious Diseases (29 decks)

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