Diseases Due to Gram Negative Rods III Flashcards
what are the symptoms of Salmonella pullorum?
white diarrhea or white pasty plug at vent
do opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae usually cause enteric disease?
no
what are the virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae?
capsule
siderophores
adhesions
endotoxins (LPS): release from dead bacteria
what do siderophores do?
chelate and transport iron to bacteria
what is a pathogenic microbe that causes coliform mastitis?
Yersinia enterocolitica
what are some opportunistic microbes that cause coliform mastitis?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter aerogenes
Escherichia coli
are Klebsiella pneumoniae flagellated or not?
non-flagellated
what does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause in sheep?
mastitis
fleece rot
pneumonia
rhinitis
otitis
what does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause in farmed mink?
pneumonia
septicemia
extremely susceptible
how does Pseudomonas aeruginosa enter a body?
contact with contaminated devices, water, environment
what causes glanders in horses?
Burkholderia mallei
who is susceptible to Burkholderia mallei?
humans
goats
carnivores
equidae
who does Burkholderia pseudomallei infect?
pigs
goats
sheep
what do the clinical signs of Burkholderia pseudomallei vary with?
site of lesions
how does glanders/Burkholderia mallei infect people?
cuts, scrapes
mucosal surfaces of nose and eyes
how does meliodosis/Burkholderia pseudomallei infect humans?
inhalation of contaminated dust or water droplets
ingestion contaminated water
ingestion of soil-contaminated food
other contact with contaminated soil
how common is person-to-person transmission of glanders and melioidosis?
rare
is Aeromonas hydrophila opportunistic?
yes
what is the mortality rate of Salmonella pullorum?
high
who does Salmonella pullorum impact?
young chicks and turkeys
how do opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae cause infections?
inherently vulnerable organs/systems
wounds and necrotic tissue
tissues taken by other infections
septicemia in immunocompromised
what does inflammation cause with iron?
shifts from circulation into storage
hypoferremia and iron-deficient erythropoiesis (iron deficiency without anemia)
what can Klebsiella pneumonia cause? four things
coliform mastitis: cows>sows
endometritis: mares
pneumonia: calves, foals
UTI: dogs
does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause a narrow or wide range of diseases?
wide range many species
what is the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
entry via contact with contaminated water, devices, environment
breach in host defenses
adherence
colonization and replication
tissue damage
how does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause tissue damage?
toxin production: exoenzyme S (T3SS) and T2SS
how does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause localized damage?
exotoxin A: disrupts protein synthesis
phospholipase C: hemolysis
proteases: cell damage
how does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause systemic damage?
exoenzyme S (T3SS): inhibits DNA synthesis, alters cytoskeleton, microvillus effacement, antiphagocytic
exotoxin A
endotoxin: inflammation
are Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei intracellular or extracellular?
intracellular
are Burkholderia spp zoonotic?
yes
what is the acute form of Burkholderia mallei/glanders?
septicemia, fever
mucopurulent nasal discharge
respiratory difficulty
death within weeks
what is the chronic form of Burkholderia mallei/glanders?
disseminated, debilitating disease
nasal, pulmonary, cutaneous
fatal after a few months
survivors are carriers
how is Burkholderia mallei controlled?
test and slaughter
who does Aeromonas hydrophila infect?
aquatic species
domestic animals
zoonosis
