vecka 1 - basilar artery occlusion (doc) ✓ Flashcards

1
Q

vad är de vanliga symptom?

A

beror på vart proppen är lokaliserad i basilärartären och vart det då sker ischemi i hjärnan med de vanligaste symptomen är:
- yrsel och huvudvärk därefter följer ett minskad allmäntillstånd, quadripares (förlust av känsla eller svaghet i alla fyra lemmar), abnormaliteter i pupillerna och ögonmuskulaturen, dysartri (du kan ej prata då prat-musklerna är skadade), dysfagi (du kan ej svälja och tugga).

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2
Q

hur utreder och behandlar man bassilär artär propp?

A

utreds via symptom och CT eller MRI.

behandlas med iv. trombolys eller via microkateter som läggs in i blodproppen (endovascular treatment)

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3
Q

vad beror oftast BAO på?

A
  • artheroskleros
  • emboli
  • okänd i 22-35% av pat.

andra orsaker (dissektion i arteria vertebrales, syphilis (sällan dock) t.ex)

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4
Q

oklusioner hos proximala och/eller mittsegment av a. basillaris ger vilka symptom i vanliga fall?

A

hemiplegia eller- quadriplegia (bortfall av känsel i 2 eller 4 lämmar.

  • Other
    effects include reduced consciousness, bilateral extensor
    plantar sign, dysarthria and dysphagia, horizontal gaze paresis, and other cranial nerve palsies.
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5
Q

oklusioner i distala segment av a. basillaris ger vilka symptom?

A

påverkar ögonen och synen. Bortfall/pares i nuclear eller suprauclear oculomotor och papilomotor. Dessutom även en minskad medvetandegrad, quadripares och en påverkan på thalamus.

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6
Q

A

Patients with thalamic involvement are often confused
and amnestic, and those with posterior cerebral artery
occlusions are hemianopic or cortically blind.

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7
Q

vad är viktigt efter att någon har haft en BAO?

A

att utföra rehabilitering en längre period, särskillt hos de med locked-in syndrome

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8
Q

när kan man misstänka BAO

A

när en patient kommer med minskad RLS/medvetandegrad och det visar sig hjärnstamssymptom som cranialnervsparalys kombinerat med kontralateral eller bilateral long-tract signs. Ge trombolys i såna fall!!

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9
Q

early sign of BAO

A
Loss of fl ow void on spin-echo and fl uid-attenuated
inversion recovery (FLAIR) images is an early sign of
BAO
  • On MR angiography, the occluded segment is missing because of insuffi cient blood fl ow to generate signal. Cytotoxic brain-oedema resulting from ischaemia restricts diff usion of protons, which can be visualised on diffusion-weighted MRI much sooner than can changes
    on spin-echo and FLAIR images.12 Using diffusion weighted imaging, the apparent diffusion coefficient can be calculated and depicted on images. Apparent diffusion coeffi cient images indicate ischaemic damage with high sensitivity and specifi city and show the extent of early ischaemic damage resulting from BAO.
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10
Q

behandling stor vs liten stroke/BAO

A

intravenös trombolys är bättre än antikoagulantia vid stora fall av stroke, vid mindre fall spelar det inte så mycket roll. Men om det går (inga kontraindikationer) bör trombolys vara första hands preparat för behandling

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11
Q

vilken behandling är bäst?

A

både intraarteriell och intravenös trombolys behandling är bra

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12
Q

vad avgör hur patienten klarade sig?

A

In multivariate analyses of large series of patients with
BAO who have undergone thrombolysis,15,20,58 the main independent predictors of outcome are the following:

- stroke severity (assessed with the National Institutes of
Health stroke scale); 
- age; 
- location and length of the occlusion; 
- time to treatment;
- recanalisation; and
collaterals as seen on angiography

(abciximab)

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13
Q

behandling förutom trombolys

A

Recanalisation treatment is only part of the management
of acute BAO. Nursing and medical treatment according to stroke guidelines are important as well. Many patients
need intubation and ventilation, analgesia-based sedation, and a nasogastric tube; furthermore, prevention of
common complications should be initiated during the acute phase. Successful recanalisation is necessary to
permit survival, but reocclusion and other threats need to
be monitored closely. In patients with large cerebellar
infarcts, swelling and compression of the brainstem can take place and worsen the initial ischaemic damage.

As soon as such a complication is recognised, ventriculostomy
or surgical decompression should be considered.

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14
Q

mer om behandling vid svåra fall

A

we select patients with BAO for treatment
according to clinical findings and multimodal MR or CT
imaging. When coma has not been prolonged and
imaging does not show extensive infarcts in the
brainstem, the patient receives intravenous alteplase followed by arteriography or CT angiography and
subsequent mechanical thrombectomy when necessary. Such a strategy can also be realised in a stroke network.

To avoid treatment delays, intravenous thrombolysis should be initiated in the referring hospital before transfer to the intervention centre.

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