Urine Casts Flashcards

1
Q

What do casts give us a snapshot of?

A

The lumen of the renal tubules and can indicate damage

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2
Q

What is the matrix of the cast called?

A

Tamm-Horsfall Mucoprotein

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3
Q

What do casts look like?

A

Cylindrical
Same size as the lumen
ends are tapered, irregular, or round
May have inclusions

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4
Q

Where are casts formed?

A

The distal convoluted tubule

Collecting ducts

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5
Q

How are casts formed?

A

Secreted protein precipitates in acidic conditions and forms casts shaped like the tubules

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6
Q

What does the type of cast depend on?

A

How quickly the filtrate moves through the tubules

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7
Q

Slower filtrate=

A

Waxy casts

Bad

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8
Q

Sort of slowly filtrate=

A

Hyaline casts

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9
Q

What pH of urine do casts dissolve quickly in?

A

Alkaline urine

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10
Q

What species do we see casts less often?

A

Herbivores

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11
Q

What does seeing casts in 0-1/hpf often indicate?

A

Lesions

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12
Q

Does the number of casts present indicate the severity of the disease?

A

No

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13
Q

Which casts are clear, colorless, transparent, and do not have inclusions?

A

Hyaline casts

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14
Q

What kind of cast indicates a mild form of renal irritation

A

Hyaline casts

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15
Q

What kind of cast increases with fever, poor renal profusion, strenuous exercise, general anesthesia?

A

Hyaline casts

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16
Q

How does general anesthesia cause Hylaine casts?

A

When the blood pressure drops there is a temporary period of poor renal profusion

17
Q

What kind of light is the best to look at Hyaline casts under a microscope?

18
Q

What are Hyaline casts with remnants of cells?

A

Granular casts

19
Q

What are granular casts made up of?

A

Degenerated renal cells, RBCS, WBCs

20
Q

With what condition do you see increased granular casts

A

Acute nephritis

21
Q

What does the presence of granular casts indicate?

A

More severe renal damage than hyaline casts

22
Q

What are hyaline casts with renal epithelial cells incorporated?

A

Epithelial Casts

23
Q

What condition can you see epithelial casts?

A

Acute nephritis

24
Q

Are epithelial casts common?

A

No, they are rare

25
What kind of casts are wider hyaline casts with a "dull" appearance
Waxy casts
26
What are the characteristics of waxy casts?
Square ends Bigger Colorless to gray Refractile
27
What is considered the worst casts?
Waxy casts
28
What do waxy casts indicate?
Chronic severe degeneration of the tubules | Slowly moving filtrate
29
Which casts contain retractile bodies and are sometimes referred to as oval fat bodies
Fatty Casts
30
Where are Fatty casts seen?
In cats with renal disease | rarely in dogs with diabetes mellitus
31
What kind of casts have WBCs in the matrix?
Leukocyte casts
32
What does the presence of leukocyte casts indicate?
Inflammation of the renal tubules
33
What kind of casts have RBCs in the matrix?
Erythrocyte casts
34
What causes the presence of Erythrocyte casts?
Renal bleeding due to trauma, bleeding disorders
35
What are erythrocyte casts part of?
The inflammatory response
36
What pH do casts form in?
Acidic urine
37
How do you report casts to the veterinarian?
1+, 2+, 3+,4+ and type