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Clinical Laboratory Techniques > Clinical Chemistries: Kidney Assays > Flashcards

Clinical Chemistries: Kidney Assays Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four blood kidney assays that are run?

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen
Creatinine
Symmetric dimethylarginine
Uric Acid (birds)

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2
Q

What is the urine kidney assay?

A

Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio

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3
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A

Eliminates waste products in the urine
Produces and affected by hormones
Maintains blood homeostasis

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4
Q

How does the urinary system maintain blood homeostasis?

A

Regulates blood pH, blood volume, blood pressure, and electrolytes

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5
Q

What is reabsorbed into the body?

A

100% glucose
80% water
70% potassium
50% urea

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6
Q

Where does reabsorption occur?

A

The proximal convoluted tubule

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7
Q

What is secreted into the urine?

A

Hydrogen

Bicarbonate

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8
Q

Where does secretion occur?

A

The distal convoluted tubule

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9
Q

What does BUN stand for?

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

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10
Q

What is Urea?

A

The end product of protein metabolism

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11
Q

What is filtered through the glomerulus into the renal tubules?

A

Urea

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12
Q

What happens if the kidney is not functioning normally?

A

Urea is not eliminated

High BUN and the animal feels sick

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13
Q

What are the other causes of high BUN?

A

High protein diet
Strenuous exercise
Dehydration

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14
Q

How does a high protein diet cause high BUN?

A

An increase in protein metabolism leads to high production of urea

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15
Q

How does strenuous exercise cause high BUN?

A

An increase in muscle break-down increases urea

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16
Q

How does dehydration cause high BUN?

A

The kidneys are conserving water leading to retention of urea

17
Q

Where is Creatinine formed from?

A

The creatine in skeletal muscle

18
Q

What is creatinine?

A

The breakdown product of muscle metabolism

19
Q

What happens if the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases?

A

Creatinine levels will increase because it is normally filtered through the glomerulus

20
Q

What are the advantages of the BUN and Creatinine tests?

A

Are the kidneys working normally?
Is the kidney disease progressive?
Is the treatment of kidney disease working?

21
Q

What are the disadvantages of the BUN and Creatinine test?

A

They are not a sensitive test
Need 75% kidney damaged before you see an increase
GFR can be 1/4 of the normal rate before an increase

22
Q

How many dogs are diagnosed with kidney disease?

A

1 in 285

23
Q

How many cats are diagnosed with kidney disease?

A

1 in 43

24
Q

What is an increase in BUN and Creatinine called?

A

Azotemia

25
Q

What are the clinical signs of kidney disease?

A 
PU/PD
Decreased appetite
Weight loss
Bad breath
Vomiting and diarrhea
Sore mouth
Weakness
Lethargy
26
Q

What is the newer kidney function test?

A

Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)

27
Q

What does SDMA detect?

A

The loss of renal function at as little as 25%

Usually around 40%

28
Q

Is the BUN/Creatinine ratio useful in diagnosing kidney disease?

A

No, because both have a wide range of intervals

Useful when assessing patient status during treatments

29
Q

Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio in healthy animals

A

The level of protein and creatinine excreted into urine are constant and nearly equal

30
Q

What happens if there is a problem with the glomerulus?

A

Proteins leak

31
Q

What is the degree of proteinuria directly related to?

A

The degree of renal failure

32
Q

What is the normal Urine protein/creatinine ratio in healthy dogs

A

Less than 1

33
Q

What is the urine protein/creatinine ratio in prerenal or functional origin?

A

Between 1 and 5

34
Q

What is the urine protein/creatinine ratio for renal disease?

A

Greater than 5

Clinical Laboratory Techniques (45 decks)

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