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Clinical Laboratory Techniques > Blood Smears > Flashcards

Blood Smears Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we do blood smears?

A 
RBC and WBC morphology (what does it look like)
Platelet count (clotting ability)
WBC differential (relative values)
Absolute values
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2
Q

What does the absolute value gives us?

A

The number of each WBC per microliter of blood

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3
Q

What is the importance of blood smears?

A 
Cell morphology 
Classify anemia 
WBC differential
Find abnormalities automated cell counter
QC for automated cell counter
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4
Q

What are the three parts of the stain?

A

Fixative
Eosin component
Methylene blue component

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5
Q

Fixative

A

95% methanol

takes out all of the moisture

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6
Q

Eosin component

A

Stains hemoglobin and eosinophil granules

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7
Q

Methylene blue component

A

Stains the nucleus

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8
Q

How to evaluate a blood smear

A

4x-focus slide
10x-scan the slide for platelet clumping, microfilaria
40x-focus on monolayer, look at overall cellularity
100x-cell evaluation and counting

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9
Q

What does a blood smear that is too thick look like under the microscope?

A

RBC clumped together

WBC smooshed with RBC

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10
Q

What does a blood smear that is too thin look like under the microscope?

A

Big gaps of RBCs

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11
Q

What does a blood smear that is just right look like under the microscope?

A

monolayer,
one cell layer thick
not clumped

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12
Q

Why do you develop a system to look at a slide under a microscope?

A

Don’t count the same WBC twice

Can easily come back to it

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13
Q

What are the two patterns to look at a slide under a microscope?

A

Battlement pattern

Wandering pattern

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14
Q

What are the two methods to quantify morphologic changes on a blood smear?

A
  1. Slight, Moderate, Marked

2. Scale of 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+ to indicate relative percentages of cells with changes

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15
Q

Slight, moderate, marked

A

Slight=10%
Moderate=25%
Marked=50%

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16
Q

Scale method

A 
1+=5% to 10%
2+= 10% to 25%
3+= approximately 50%
4+= more than 75%
Used more in urine and ear cytology
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17
Q

What 5 things are you looking for during an erythrocyte evaluation

A 
Cell arrangement
RBC size
RBC color
RBC shape
Inclusions/Parasites
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18
Q

What do you evaluate thrombocytes for?

A

Distribution, morphology, inclusions and number

19
Q

What is a normal number of thrombocytes?

A

160,000-625,000

7-10/ oif

20
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

low platelet count

if the count is lower than 100,000 it is usually significnt

21
Q

What thrombocyte count indicates bleeding?

A

20,000-50,000

22
Q

What may affect RBC counts on an automated anaylzer?

A

Proplatelets

Very recently pinched off from megakaryocyte

23
Q

What species do the thrombocytes not stain as intensely

A

Horses

24
Q

What species see a often high number of thrombocytes?

A

Rodents

25
Q

What species sees clumps at the feathered edge?

A

Cats

26
Q

Parasite Anaplasma platys

A

Infectious Canine Cyclic Thrombocytopenia (ICCT)
Rickettsial organism
usually Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown dog tick)

27
Q

What area does the parasite anaplasma platys occur?

A

South/ South east

Tropical/ subtropical areas

28
Q

What does the Anaplasma platys bacteria look like under the microscope?

A

Small
blue-purple
Coccid (round) structures known as elementary bodies

29
Q

What is the order of leukocytes by quantity found on a blood smear?

A 
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil 
Basophil
30
Q

What leukocyte is the most numerous in dogs and cats

A

Neutrophils

31
Q

What species has a naturally high lymphocyte count

A

Ruminants

32
Q

What cells are the first responders to bacterial infections and are known as phagocytes?

A

Neutrophils

Cytoplasm stains neutral pink

33
Q

What cell is a horseshoe shape with large round ends? I

A

Band neutrophils

34
Q

Eosinophils

A

Red, red-pink granules with bi-lobed nucleus

Capable of phagocytosis

35
Q

In what cases can you see an increase number of eosinophils

A

Allergic reaction

Parasitic infections or infestions

36
Q

Basophils

A

Light or dark blue, purple, blue-blacke granules in cytoplasm
Most rare WBC type
Granules contain histamine
Associated with allergic or immune reactions

37
Q

Lymphocyte

A 
Smallest WBC
Usually dark basophilic nucleus
very little 
a granular
blue cytoplasm
38
Q

What are the major functions of lymphocytes

A

Antibodies (B-cells)
Cell-mediated immunity (T-cells)
Natural Killer Cells- kill any cell that look strange

39
Q

What do increased numbers of lymphocytes indicate?

A

Viral or bacterial infection

40
Q

Monocytes

A

Largest WBC
Kidney bean or elongated nucleus
Adhere to RBCs
“Lacy” sky-blue cytoplasm with vaculoes

41
Q

What are monocytes associated with?

A

Chronic inflammation

42
Q

Relative cell counts

A

Percentage of each type of WBC

43
Q

Absolute cell counts

A

Number of each type of WBC per microliter of blood

Percentage of each cell multiplied by total WBCs

44
Q

What is more important Relative cell counts or absolute cell count

A

Absolute cell count

Clinical Laboratory Techniques (45 decks)

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