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Clinical Laboratory Techniques > Renal Failure > Flashcards

Renal Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the important conditions associated with Renal Failure

A

Chronic renal failure

Acute renal failure

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2
Q

What are the usual causes of chronic renal failure?

A

From “wearing out” of the kidney

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3
Q

Does the kidney regenerate like the liver?

A

No

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4
Q

What percentage of nephrons are destroyed before an increase in BUN/Creatinine?

A

75%

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5
Q

In what species and age group is chronic renal failure common in?

A

Older cats

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6
Q

Chronic Renal failure

A

Usually idiopathic

Irreversible and progressive

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic renal failure?

A 
ADR
Weight loss
Inappetence
Lethargy 
PU/PD
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8
Q

What is acute renal failure?

A

Abrupt shutdown of the kidney function

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of acute renal failure?

A

Oliguria

Can be reversible or fatal

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10
Q

What are the causes of acute renal failure?

A 
Nephrotoxins 
Drugs
Infections
Trauma
Dehydration
Hemorrhage
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11
Q

What is an example of a nephrotoxin?

A

Antifreeze poisoning

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12
Q

What are some examples of drugs that can cause acute renal failure?

A

Aspirin
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
Naproxen

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13
Q

What is an example of an infection that can cause acute renal failure?

A

Leptospirosis

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14
Q

What is the difference between chronic renal failure and acute renal failure?

A

CRF is not reversible while ARF can be depending on the cause and response to treatment

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15
Q

What are the other considerations when differentiating between chronic and acute renal failure?

A

The physical condition of the patient
The history and exposure to toxins and drugs
Any lab differences

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16
Q

What does the bloodwork of a chronic renal failure patient look like?

A

Anemia
high SDMA, BUN, Creatinine
hypokalemia
Acidodic

17
Q

What does the bloodwork of an acute renal failure patient look like?

A

Normal PCV
High SDMA, BUN, Creatinine
Hyperkalemia
High phosphorus

18
Q

What does the urinalysis of a chronic renal failure patient look like?

A

Dilute
Proteinuria
Normal sediment

19
Q

What does the urinalysis of an acute renal failure patient look like?

A

Dilute
Proteinuria
Active urine sediment with WBCs, casts and crystals

20
Q

What is a renal function test in birds?

A

Uric Acid

21
Q

What breed has a defect in the uric acid uptake into the hepatocytes?

A

Dalmations

22
Q

What do Dalmations not convert?

A

uric acid does not convert to allantoin

Excrete uric acid in urine

Clinical Laboratory Techniques (45 decks)

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