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Clinical Laboratory Techniques > Hematology: Complete Blood Count > Flashcards

Hematology: Complete Blood Count Flashcards

1
Q

Complete Blood Count

A
  1. Cell counts
  2. Histograms
  3. Manual Cell Counts
  4. Packed cell volume (PCV, Total plasma protein)
  5. Hemoglobin concentration (Hgb)
  6. RBC indicies (MCV, MCHC, MCH)
  7. Blood smear
  8. Additional tests
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2
Q

Cell counts

A

Automated Analyzers

WBC, RBC, Platelets

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3
Q

Normal range of erythrocytes for dogs

A

5-8.5 million per microliter

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4
Q

Normal range of leukocytes for dogs

A

6,000-15,000 per microliter

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5
Q

Normal range of platelets for dogs

A

160,000-625,000 per microliter

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6
Q

How do we count the cells

A

Manual cell counts with Hemocytometer
Impedance Technology
Laser Technology

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7
Q

Impendence Technology

A

2 electrodes with constant electrical current
cells are sent through the current
when cells pass through the current they stop the current and the amount of time that the current is impeded it correlates to the size of the cell

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8
Q

Laser Technology

A

Focuses a laser beam on each individual cell
Quantifies the scatter of light on four separate detectors
The analyzer measures the amount of time it takes a cell to travel through the laser beam-“time of flight”

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9
Q

What is included in the results of a complete blood count?

A 
Red blood cells
HCT/PCV
Hgb
RBC indices
Retics
WBC-% differentiation, absolute values
Platelets
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10
Q

Histograms

A

graphing cell types or morphology

Automatically produce by some CBC machines

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11
Q

Packed Cell Volume (PCV)

A

Percentage of cells in blood to the total volume

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12
Q

What is PCV measured using?

A

microhematocrit tube and centrifuge

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13
Q

What is HCT (hematocrit) measured using?

A

automated hematology analyzer

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14
Q

What is the normal PCV in dogs?

A

37-55%

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15
Q

What is the normal PCV in cats?

A

30-45%

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16
Q

What is the normal PCV in horses?

A

32-48%

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17
Q

What is the normal PCV in bovines?

A

24-46%

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18
Q

What does an elevated PCV indicate?

A

More red blood cells than normal

Dehydrated, polycythemia

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19
Q

What does a decreased PCV indicate?

A

Too few red blood cells

Anemia, over hydration

20
Q

Buffy coat

A

White (or buff) band of concentrated WBCs and platelets visible in a spun down hematocrit tube

21
Q

What is the total plasma protein of most adult mammals

A

6.8-7.2 g/dL

22
Q

What is the total plasma protein of most young animals?

A

4-6 g/dL

23
Q

What does a high total plasma protein mean?

A

Dehydration

24
Q

What does a low total plasma protein mean?

A

Blood sucking parasites, liver disease, excessive hydration

25
Q

Plasma proteins: Fibrinogen

A

For clotting

from the liver

26
Q

Plasma proteins: Albumin

A

Maintains osmotic pressure
Carrier protein
From the liver

27
Q

Plasma proteins: Globulins

A

Antibodies

From B-lymphocytes

28
Q

What is hemoglobin’s job?

A

Complicated protein inside RBC that carry oxygen

29
Q

How do we measure hemoglobin?

A

Lasercyte and Hematrue
Handheld readers
Spencer hemoglobinometer

30
Q

What are normal hemoglobin values for a dog?

A

12-18 g/dL

31
Q

What are normal hemoglobin values for a cat?

A

8-15 g/dL

32
Q

What are normal hemoglobin values for a warm blooded horse?

A

11-19 g/dL

33
Q

What are normal hemoglobin values for a cold blooded horse?

A

8-14 g/dL

34
Q

What are normal hemoglobin values for a cow

A

8-15 g/dL

35
Q

What do erythrocyte indices measure?

A

RBC size and hemoglobin concentration

36
Q

What are erythrocyte indices used to classify?

A

Anemia based on morphology

37
Q

Anemia

A

Decreased oxygen carrying capacity

38
Q

What are the causes of anemia?

A

Excessive blood loss
Excessive RBC destruction
Decreased Hgb

39
Q

Excessive RBC destruction

A

immune mediated hemolytic anemia

blood parasites

40
Q

Decreased Hgb

A 
Ineffective hematopoiesis (bone marrow)
Decreased erythropoietin (chronic renal failure)
Hgb toxicity (tylenol in cats, onions in dogs)
41
Q

What are the three erythrocyte indicies

A

MCV
MCH
MCHC

42
Q

MCV

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume
Normocytic
Microcytic
Macrocytic

43
Q

MCH

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

weight of Hgb in the average RBC

44
Q

MCHC

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
Color of RBC’s
Normochromic
Hypochromic

45
Q

How do we calculate RBC indicies?

A 
Simple math
Info that is needed:
PCV %
RBC count
Hemoglobin

Clinical Laboratory Techniques (45 decks)

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