Hematology: Complete Blood Count Flashcards
Complete Blood Count
- Cell counts
- Histograms
- Manual Cell Counts
- Packed cell volume (PCV, Total plasma protein)
- Hemoglobin concentration (Hgb)
- RBC indicies (MCV, MCHC, MCH)
- Blood smear
- Additional tests
Cell counts
Automated Analyzers
WBC, RBC, Platelets
Normal range of erythrocytes for dogs
5-8.5 million per microliter
Normal range of leukocytes for dogs
6,000-15,000 per microliter
Normal range of platelets for dogs
160,000-625,000 per microliter
How do we count the cells
Manual cell counts with Hemocytometer
Impedance Technology
Laser Technology
Impendence Technology
2 electrodes with constant electrical current
cells are sent through the current
when cells pass through the current they stop the current and the amount of time that the current is impeded it correlates to the size of the cell
Laser Technology
Focuses a laser beam on each individual cell
Quantifies the scatter of light on four separate detectors
The analyzer measures the amount of time it takes a cell to travel through the laser beam-“time of flight”
What is included in the results of a complete blood count?
Red blood cells HCT/PCV Hgb RBC indices Retics WBC-% differentiation, absolute values Platelets
Histograms
graphing cell types or morphology
Automatically produce by some CBC machines
Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
Percentage of cells in blood to the total volume
What is PCV measured using?
microhematocrit tube and centrifuge
What is HCT (hematocrit) measured using?
automated hematology analyzer
What is the normal PCV in dogs?
37-55%
What is the normal PCV in cats?
30-45%
What is the normal PCV in horses?
32-48%
What is the normal PCV in bovines?
24-46%
What does an elevated PCV indicate?
More red blood cells than normal
Dehydrated, polycythemia
What does a decreased PCV indicate?
Too few red blood cells
Anemia, over hydration
Buffy coat
White (or buff) band of concentrated WBCs and platelets visible in a spun down hematocrit tube
What is the total plasma protein of most adult mammals
6.8-7.2 g/dL
What is the total plasma protein of most young animals?
4-6 g/dL
What does a high total plasma protein mean?
Dehydration
What does a low total plasma protein mean?
Blood sucking parasites, liver disease, excessive hydration
Plasma proteins: Fibrinogen
For clotting
from the liver
Plasma proteins: Albumin
Maintains osmotic pressure
Carrier protein
From the liver
Plasma proteins: Globulins
Antibodies
From B-lymphocytes
What is hemoglobin’s job?
Complicated protein inside RBC that carry oxygen
How do we measure hemoglobin?
Lasercyte and Hematrue
Handheld readers
Spencer hemoglobinometer
What are normal hemoglobin values for a dog?
12-18 g/dL
What are normal hemoglobin values for a cat?
8-15 g/dL
What are normal hemoglobin values for a warm blooded horse?
11-19 g/dL
What are normal hemoglobin values for a cold blooded horse?
8-14 g/dL
What are normal hemoglobin values for a cow
8-15 g/dL
What do erythrocyte indices measure?
RBC size and hemoglobin concentration
What are erythrocyte indices used to classify?
Anemia based on morphology
Anemia
Decreased oxygen carrying capacity
What are the causes of anemia?
Excessive blood loss
Excessive RBC destruction
Decreased Hgb
Excessive RBC destruction
immune mediated hemolytic anemia
blood parasites
Decreased Hgb
Ineffective hematopoiesis (bone marrow) Decreased erythropoietin (chronic renal failure) Hgb toxicity (tylenol in cats, onions in dogs)
What are the three erythrocyte indicies
MCV
MCH
MCHC
MCV
Mean Corpuscular Volume
Normocytic
Microcytic
Macrocytic
MCH
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
weight of Hgb in the average RBC
MCHC
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
Color of RBC’s
Normochromic
Hypochromic
How do we calculate RBC indicies?
Simple math Info that is needed: PCV % RBC count Hemoglobin
