Hematology: Complete Blood Count

Question 1

Complete Blood Count

Answer 1

1. Cell counts
2. Histograms
3. Manual Cell Counts
4. Packed cell volume (PCV, Total plasma protein)
5. Hemoglobin concentration (Hgb)
6. RBC indicies (MCV, MCHC, MCH)
7. Blood smear
8. Additional tests

Question 2

Cell counts

Answer 2

Automated Analyzers

WBC, RBC, Platelets

Question 3

Normal range of erythrocytes for dogs

Answer 3

5-8.5 million per microliter

Question 4

Normal range of leukocytes for dogs

Answer 4

6,000-15,000 per microliter

Question 5

Normal range of platelets for dogs

Answer 5

160,000-625,000 per microliter

Question 6

How do we count the cells

Answer 6

Manual cell counts with Hemocytometer
Impedance Technology
Laser Technology

Question 7

Impendence Technology

Answer 7

2 electrodes with constant electrical current
cells are sent through the current
when cells pass through the current they stop the current and the amount of time that the current is impeded it correlates to the size of the cell

Question 8

Laser Technology

Answer 8

Focuses a laser beam on each individual cell
Quantifies the scatter of light on four separate detectors
The analyzer measures the amount of time it takes a cell to travel through the laser beam-“time of flight”

Question 9

What is included in the results of a complete blood count?

Answer 9

Red blood cells
HCT/PCV
Hgb
RBC indices
Retics
WBC-% differentiation, absolute values
Platelets

Question 10

Histograms

Answer 10

graphing cell types or morphology

Automatically produce by some CBC machines

Question 11

Packed Cell Volume (PCV)

Answer 11

Percentage of cells in blood to the total volume

Question 12

What is PCV measured using?

Answer 12

microhematocrit tube and centrifuge

Question 13

What is HCT (hematocrit) measured using?

Answer 13

automated hematology analyzer

Question 14

What is the normal PCV in dogs?

Answer 14

37-55%

Question 15

What is the normal PCV in cats?

Answer 15

30-45%

Question 16

What is the normal PCV in horses?

Answer 16

32-48%

Question 17

What is the normal PCV in bovines?

Answer 17

24-46%

Question 18

What does an elevated PCV indicate?

Answer 18

More red blood cells than normal

Dehydrated, polycythemia

Question 19

What does a decreased PCV indicate?

Answer 19

Too few red blood cells

Anemia, over hydration

Question 20

Buffy coat

Answer 20

White (or buff) band of concentrated WBCs and platelets visible in a spun down hematocrit tube

Question 21

What is the total plasma protein of most adult mammals

Answer 21

6.8-7.2 g/dL

Question 22

What is the total plasma protein of most young animals?

Answer 22

4-6 g/dL

Question 23

What does a high total plasma protein mean?

Answer 23

Dehydration

Question 24

What does a low total plasma protein mean?

Answer 24

Blood sucking parasites, liver disease, excessive hydration

Question 25

Plasma proteins: Fibrinogen

Answer 25

For clotting | from the liver

Question 26

Plasma proteins: Albumin

Answer 26

Maintains osmotic pressure Carrier protein From the liver

Question 27

Plasma proteins: Globulins

Answer 27

Antibodies | From B-lymphocytes

Question 28

What is hemoglobin's job?

Answer 28

Complicated protein inside RBC that carry oxygen

Question 29

How do we measure hemoglobin?

Answer 29

Lasercyte and Hematrue Handheld readers Spencer hemoglobinometer

Question 30

What are normal hemoglobin values for a dog?

Answer 30

12-18 g/dL

Question 31

What are normal hemoglobin values for a cat?

Answer 31

8-15 g/dL

Question 32

What are normal hemoglobin values for a warm blooded horse?

Answer 32

11-19 g/dL

Question 33

What are normal hemoglobin values for a cold blooded horse?

Answer 33

8-14 g/dL

Question 34

What are normal hemoglobin values for a cow

Answer 34

8-15 g/dL

Question 35

What do erythrocyte indices measure?

Answer 35

RBC size and hemoglobin concentration

Question 36

What are erythrocyte indices used to classify?

Answer 36

Anemia based on morphology

Question 37

Anemia

Answer 37

Decreased oxygen carrying capacity

Question 38

What are the causes of anemia?

Answer 38

Excessive blood loss Excessive RBC destruction Decreased Hgb

Question 39

Excessive RBC destruction

Answer 39

immune mediated hemolytic anemia | blood parasites

Question 40

Decreased Hgb

Answer 40

``` Ineffective hematopoiesis (bone marrow) Decreased erythropoietin (chronic renal failure) Hgb toxicity (tylenol in cats, onions in dogs) ```

Question 41

What are the three erythrocyte indicies

Answer 41

MCV MCH MCHC

Question 42

MCV

Answer 42

Mean Corpuscular Volume Normocytic Microcytic Macrocytic

Question 43

MCH

Answer 43

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin | weight of Hgb in the average RBC

Question 44

MCHC

Answer 44

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration Color of RBC's Normochromic Hypochromic

Question 45

How do we calculate RBC indicies?

Answer 45

``` Simple math Info that is needed: PCV % RBC count Hemoglobin ```