Crystals

Question 1

Crystalluria

Answer 1

Crystals in the urine

Question 2

How do crystals form

Answer 2

As a result of elements being secreted by normal renal activity

Question 3

How do you report Crystals in the urinalysis?

Answer 3

1+-4+
Few, moderate, many
Type

Question 4

Crystalluria may lead to the formation of what?

Answer 4

Urinary calculi

Uroliths or stones

Question 5

Crystal formation depends on what four things?

Answer 5

1. Urine pH
2. Temperature
3. Concentration
4. Solubility of the elements

Question 6

Urolithiasis

Answer 6

Presence of stones anywhere in the renal tract

Question 7

Struvite crystals

Answer 7

Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate or Triple phosphate

Question 8

What pH does struvite crystals usually form in?

Answer 8

Alkaline to slightly acidic

Question 9

What do struvite crystals look like

Answer 9

8 sided prisms with tapered ends
“Coffin lid”
Fern leaf

Question 10

Can struvite crystals be seen in healthy dogs, cats, ruminants?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

What are the two types of Calcium Oxalate stones?

Answer 11

Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

Question 12

What do Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate stones look like?

Answer 12

Small squares with an “X” across the crystal resembling the back of an envelope

Question 13

What kind of urine are Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate found in?

Answer 13

Acidic to neutral urine

Question 14

What kind of species are calcium oxalate dihydrate found in

Answer 14

Common in small dogs and horses

Question 15

What does calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals look like?

Answer 15

Dumbbell shaped

Pointed at each end (picket fence)

Question 16

What toxicity are calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals present in?

Answer 16

Ethylene glycol poisoning

Anti-freeze poisoning

Question 17

What shape is uric acid?

Answer 17

A variety shapes

Usually diamond or rhomboid

Question 18

What color is uric acid?

Answer 18

Yellow or yellow-brown

Question 19

What breed of dogs are uric acid stones common in?

Answer 19

Dalmatians

Question 20

Why do dalmatians produce uric acid?

Answer 20

They do not convert uric acid into urea

Question 21

What species are calcium carbonate crystals common in?

Answer 21

Horses and rabbits

Question 22

What do calcium carbonate crystals look like?

Answer 22

Round with lines radiating from the center-Sunbursts
Large granular masses
Dumbbell shaped

Question 23

Are calcium carbonate crystals clinically significant?

Answer 23

No. They can form into stones

Question 24

What crystals associated with Liver disease

Answer 24

Ammonium biurate
Bilirubin crystals
Leucine 
Tyrosine
Cystine 
Melamine toxicity crystals

Question 25

What do cystine crystals look like?

Answer 25

Flat
Six-sided
Colorless

Question 26

What do cystine crystals indicate?

Answer 26

Renal tubular dysfunction

Cystine urolithiasis

Question 27

What pH does calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals form in?

Answer 27

Neutral to acidic urine

Question 28

Are Amorphous crystalline Material clinically significant?

Answer 28

No.

Question 29

What pH of urine does Amorphous urates form in?

Answer 29

Acidic urine

Question 30

What pH of urine does Amorphous phosphates form in?

Answer 30

Alkaline urine

Question 31

What pH of urine does Calcium carbonate crystals form in?

Answer 31

Alkaline to neutral urine