Nematodes: Roundworms, Hookworms, Whipworms Flashcards
Ascarids
Eggs are round
Technically roundworms
Developmental stages of Nematodes
Egg
Larval stages
Sexually mature adult
Which stage of nematodes is the infective stage?
Third stage
Egg containing larvae
Free-living larvae
Larva with an intermediate host
What happens when a nematode gains entry to a new host?
Development occurs
Where does nematode development occur?
The final location or predilection site
Where else does nematode development occur?
After extensive migration through the body of the definitive host
Where do you look for nematode eggs when you are trying to diagnose an infection?
Feces, blood, sputum, urine
some in lungs, kidney, urinary bladder, or heart
What are the common nematodes?
Roundworms
Hookworms
Whipworms
What are the common Roundworms?
Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Toxascaris leonina
What are the common Hookworms?
Ancylostoma caninum
A. tubaeforme
What are the common Whipworms?
Trichuris vulpis
What are the definitive hosts of Roundworms?
Dogs and cats
What is the predilection site of Roundworms?
The small intestines
What do adult Roundworms look like?
Spaghetti
What are the clinical signs of Roundworms?
Poor growth in puppies and kittens Vomiting Diarrhea Liver and Lung damage due to larval migrans Can be fatal
How do you diagnose Roundworms?
Fecal float
What are the treatments of Roundworms?
Fenbendazole
Pyrantel pamoate
How do you prevent roundworm infection?
Deworming of puppies and kittens, breeding dogs
Minimize re-contaminating by removing all feces
Routine fecal exams
Regular deworming
When do you start deworming puppies and kittens?
2 weeks up until 8 weeks
Where do roundworm adults pass their eggs to once they are produced?
The feces
How many eggs does a female roundworm produce per day?
80,000
How long do the eggs remain infective when they are in the environment?
2 weeks
What does the prepatent period of each species of roundworm depend on?
Genus
Species
Route of infection
What is the prepatent period of Toxocara canis?
3-4 weeks
What is the prepatent period of Toxocara cati?
5 weeks
What is the prepatent period of Toxascaris leonina?
8 weeks
What is Toxocara canis?
Roundworm of dogs
How is toxocara canis spread?
Ingestion of eggs
Ingestion of paratenic host
Transplacental
Transmammary
Ingestion of eggs
fecal-oral
Transplacental transmission
Larvae from cysts got to the uterus and placenta
3-week ppp
Transmammary transmission
The larval stage migrate through mammary glands
Pups get infected while nursing and the larvae mature in the pup’s intestine
What is Toxocara cati?
Roundworms of cats
How does Toxocara cati spread?
Ingestion of eggs
Transmammary
Ingestion of paratenic host
What is Toxascaris leonina?
Roundworm of both cats and dogs
How is Toxascaris leonina spread?
Ingestion of eggs
Ingestion of paratenic host
How big are Toxocara canis eggs?
75-90 microns
larger eggs
How big are Toxocara cati eggs?
65-75 microns
How big are Toxascaris leonina eggs?
75-85 microns
What do Toxascaris leonina eggs look like?
Oval shaped
Smooth outer shell
The central portion has a “ground glass” appearance
Which roundworm has zoonotic potential?
Toxocara canis and T. cati
Not Toxascaris leonina
When a human is infected with roundworms what happens?
Visceral larva migrans
Ocular larva migrans
Neural larva migrans
What are visceral larva migrans?
Damage to lungs and liver
What are ocular larva migrans?
Damage to the retina causes blindness
What are neural larva migrans?
Damage to the brain
In what species is neural larva migrans common in
Raccoon roundworms
