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Clinical Laboratory Techniques > Nematodes: Roundworms, Hookworms, Whipworms > Flashcards

Nematodes: Roundworms, Hookworms, Whipworms Flashcards

1
Q

Ascarids

A

Eggs are round

Technically roundworms

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2
Q

Developmental stages of Nematodes

A

Egg
Larval stages
Sexually mature adult

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3
Q

Which stage of nematodes is the infective stage?

A

Third stage
Egg containing larvae
Free-living larvae
Larva with an intermediate host

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4
Q

What happens when a nematode gains entry to a new host?

A

Development occurs

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5
Q

Where does nematode development occur?

A

The final location or predilection site

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6
Q

Where else does nematode development occur?

A

After extensive migration through the body of the definitive host

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7
Q

Where do you look for nematode eggs when you are trying to diagnose an infection?

A

Feces, blood, sputum, urine

some in lungs, kidney, urinary bladder, or heart

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8
Q

What are the common nematodes?

A

Roundworms
Hookworms
Whipworms

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9
Q

What are the common Roundworms?

A

Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Toxascaris leonina

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10
Q

What are the common Hookworms?

A

Ancylostoma caninum

A. tubaeforme

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11
Q

What are the common Whipworms?

A

Trichuris vulpis

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12
Q

What are the definitive hosts of Roundworms?

A

Dogs and cats

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13
Q

What is the predilection site of Roundworms?

A

The small intestines

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14
Q

What do adult Roundworms look like?

A

Spaghetti

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of Roundworms?

A 
Poor growth in puppies and kittens 
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Liver and Lung damage due to larval migrans
Can be fatal
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16
Q

How do you diagnose Roundworms?

A

Fecal float

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17
Q

What are the treatments of Roundworms?

A

Fenbendazole

Pyrantel pamoate

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18
Q

How do you prevent roundworm infection?

A

Deworming of puppies and kittens, breeding dogs
Minimize re-contaminating by removing all feces
Routine fecal exams
Regular deworming

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19
Q

When do you start deworming puppies and kittens?

A

2 weeks up until 8 weeks

20
Q

Where do roundworm adults pass their eggs to once they are produced?

A

The feces

21
Q

How many eggs does a female roundworm produce per day?

A

80,000

22
Q

How long do the eggs remain infective when they are in the environment?

A

2 weeks

23
Q

What does the prepatent period of each species of roundworm depend on?

A

Genus
Species
Route of infection

24
Q

What is the prepatent period of Toxocara canis?

A

3-4 weeks

25
Q

What is the prepatent period of Toxocara cati?

A

5 weeks

26
Q

What is the prepatent period of Toxascaris leonina?

A

8 weeks

27
Q

What is Toxocara canis?

A

Roundworm of dogs

28
Q

How is toxocara canis spread?

A

Ingestion of eggs
Ingestion of paratenic host
Transplacental
Transmammary

29
Q

Ingestion of eggs

A

fecal-oral

30
Q

Transplacental transmission

A

Larvae from cysts got to the uterus and placenta

3-week ppp

31
Q

Transmammary transmission

A

The larval stage migrate through mammary glands

Pups get infected while nursing and the larvae mature in the pup’s intestine

32
Q

What is Toxocara cati?

A

Roundworms of cats

33
Q

How does Toxocara cati spread?

A

Ingestion of eggs
Transmammary
Ingestion of paratenic host

34
Q

What is Toxascaris leonina?

A

Roundworm of both cats and dogs

35
Q

How is Toxascaris leonina spread?

A

Ingestion of eggs

Ingestion of paratenic host

36
Q

How big are Toxocara canis eggs?

A

75-90 microns

larger eggs

37
Q

How big are Toxocara cati eggs?

A

65-75 microns

38
Q

How big are Toxascaris leonina eggs?

A

75-85 microns

39
Q

What do Toxascaris leonina eggs look like?

A

Oval shaped
Smooth outer shell
The central portion has a “ground glass” appearance

40
Q

Which roundworm has zoonotic potential?

A

Toxocara canis and T. cati

Not Toxascaris leonina

41
Q

When a human is infected with roundworms what happens?

A

Visceral larva migrans
Ocular larva migrans
Neural larva migrans

42
Q

What are visceral larva migrans?

A

Damage to lungs and liver

43
Q

What are ocular larva migrans?

A

Damage to the retina causes blindness

44
Q

What are neural larva migrans?

A

Damage to the brain

45
Q

In what species is neural larva migrans common in

A

Raccoon roundworms

Clinical Laboratory Techniques (45 decks)

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