Nematodes: Roundworms, Hookworms, Whipworms

Question 1

Ascarids

Answer 1

Eggs are round

Technically roundworms

Question 2

Developmental stages of Nematodes

Answer 2

Egg
Larval stages
Sexually mature adult

Question 3

Which stage of nematodes is the infective stage?

Answer 3

Third stage
Egg containing larvae
Free-living larvae
Larva with an intermediate host

Question 4

What happens when a nematode gains entry to a new host?

Answer 4

Development occurs

Question 5

Where does nematode development occur?

Answer 5

The final location or predilection site

Question 6

Where else does nematode development occur?

Answer 6

After extensive migration through the body of the definitive host

Question 7

Where do you look for nematode eggs when you are trying to diagnose an infection?

Answer 7

Feces, blood, sputum, urine

some in lungs, kidney, urinary bladder, or heart

Question 8

What are the common nematodes?

Answer 8

Roundworms
Hookworms
Whipworms

Question 9

What are the common Roundworms?

Answer 9

Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Toxascaris leonina

Question 10

What are the common Hookworms?

Answer 10

Ancylostoma caninum

A. tubaeforme

Question 11

What are the common Whipworms?

Answer 11

Trichuris vulpis

Question 12

What are the definitive hosts of Roundworms?

Answer 12

Dogs and cats

Question 13

What is the predilection site of Roundworms?

Answer 13

The small intestines

Question 14

What do adult Roundworms look like?

Answer 14

Spaghetti

Question 15

What are the clinical signs of Roundworms?

Answer 15

Poor growth in puppies and kittens 
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Liver and Lung damage due to larval migrans
Can be fatal

Question 16

How do you diagnose Roundworms?

Answer 16

Fecal float

Question 17

What are the treatments of Roundworms?

Answer 17

Fenbendazole

Pyrantel pamoate

Question 18

How do you prevent roundworm infection?

Answer 18

Deworming of puppies and kittens, breeding dogs
Minimize re-contaminating by removing all feces
Routine fecal exams
Regular deworming

Question 19

When do you start deworming puppies and kittens?

Answer 19

2 weeks up until 8 weeks

Question 20

Where do roundworm adults pass their eggs to once they are produced?

Answer 20

The feces

Question 21

How many eggs does a female roundworm produce per day?

Answer 21

80,000

Question 22

How long do the eggs remain infective when they are in the environment?

Answer 22

2 weeks

Question 23

What does the prepatent period of each species of roundworm depend on?

Answer 23

Genus
Species
Route of infection

Question 24

What is the prepatent period of Toxocara canis?

Answer 24

3-4 weeks

Question 25

What is the prepatent period of Toxocara cati?

Answer 25

5 weeks

Question 26

What is the prepatent period of Toxascaris leonina?

Answer 26

8 weeks

Question 27

What is Toxocara canis?

Answer 27

Roundworm of dogs

Question 28

How is toxocara canis spread?

Answer 28

Ingestion of eggs Ingestion of paratenic host Transplacental Transmammary

Question 29

Ingestion of eggs

Answer 29

fecal-oral

Question 30

Transplacental transmission

Answer 30

Larvae from cysts got to the uterus and placenta | 3-week ppp

Question 31

Transmammary transmission

Answer 31

The larval stage migrate through mammary glands | Pups get infected while nursing and the larvae mature in the pup's intestine

Question 32

What is Toxocara cati?

Answer 32

Roundworms of cats

Question 33

How does Toxocara cati spread?

Answer 33

Ingestion of eggs Transmammary Ingestion of paratenic host

Question 34

What is Toxascaris leonina?

Answer 34

Roundworm of both cats and dogs

Question 35

How is Toxascaris leonina spread?

Answer 35

Ingestion of eggs | Ingestion of paratenic host

Question 36

How big are Toxocara canis eggs?

Answer 36

75-90 microns | larger eggs

Question 37

How big are Toxocara cati eggs?

Answer 37

65-75 microns

Question 38

How big are Toxascaris leonina eggs?

Answer 38

75-85 microns

Question 39

What do Toxascaris leonina eggs look like?

Answer 39

Oval shaped Smooth outer shell The central portion has a "ground glass" appearance

Question 40

Which roundworm has zoonotic potential?

Answer 40

Toxocara canis and T. cati | Not Toxascaris leonina

Question 41

When a human is infected with roundworms what happens?

Answer 41

Visceral larva migrans Ocular larva migrans Neural larva migrans

Question 42

What are visceral larva migrans?

Answer 42

Damage to lungs and liver

Question 43

What are ocular larva migrans?

Answer 43

Damage to the retina causes blindness

Question 44

What are neural larva migrans?

Answer 44

Damage to the brain

Question 45

In what species is neural larva migrans common in

Answer 45

Raccoon roundworms