Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Laboratory Techniques > Intro to Parasitology > Flashcards

Intro to Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

How do you write the genus and species of a parasite?

A

The 1st letter of the genus is capitalized
When typed, genus and species are italicized
When handwritten, Genus and species are underlined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endoparasites

A

Internal parasites
Intestinal tract
Circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ectoparasites

A

Live on the outside of the host’s body
External parasites
Fleas, ticks, lice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definitive Host

A

Carries the adult, mature or sexually mature stage of the parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intermediate host

A

Carries the immature parasite (larval or asexual form)
REQUIRED to complete the life cycle
Example: Mosquitos and heartworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Paratenic Host

A

AKA transport host
No development of parasite occurs
Not required for the life cycle to be completed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dead-end host

A

AKA incidental host and accidental host
The parasite can not be transmitted to another animal
May or may not cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Direct Life Cycle

A

No intermediate host required for development to the infective stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Indirect Life Cycle

A

An intermediate host is needed for development to the infective stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diagnostic stage

A

The stage will be detected in laboratory test

When the parasite passes from one host to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Infective stage

A

Stage of the parasite when ingested (or other routes of infection) will cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of a parasite infection?

A 
Vomiting and diarrhea
Constipation
Anorexia
Blood in the stool
Lethargy
Anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Transmission: Ingestion

A

Fecal oral

Ingestion of an intermediate/paratenic host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Transmission: Vector

A

Infected via flea, mosquito, or tick bite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transmission: Transdermal

A

Infected via skin penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transmission: Transplacental

A

From mother to fetus

17
Q

Transmission: Transmammary:

A

From mother to neonate in the milk

18
Q

Prepatency Period (PPP)

A

Time from initial infection until parasite can be detected via lab tests
The shortest time that can occur

19
Q

What are the types of diagnosis for parasites

A 
Feces
Cellophane tape method
Blood sample
Skin scrape
Ear swabs
20
Q

Fecal tests

A 
Direct
Float
Centrifugation
Sedimentation
Baermann
21
Q

Fecal sample Guidelines

A 
Fresh sample
Refrigerate if not examined within 2 hours 
Clean container
Need 1-2 teaspoons
Label
Treat all samples as zoonotic
22
Q

Direct Fecal Smears

A
  1. Simple, minimal equipment
  2. Used to quickly estimate parasite load
  3. Detect motile trophozoite protozoa and motile bacteria
  4. Used as a screening test, but not sole test
23
Q

Procedure Direct Fecal Smear

A

Mix tiny amount feces with saline

Examine on 10x for eggs and 40x for protozoa

24
Q

Concentrations Techniques

A

Either forcing ova up or down using solutions with different specific gravity

25
Q

What are examples of concentration techniques

A

Standard (passive) Flotation
Centrifugal Flotation
Fecal Sedimentation

26
Q

What is fecal flotation based on?

A

The differences in specific gravity of life cycle stages of parasites

27
Q

What is higher in flotation solutions than in common ova?

A

Specific gravity

28
Q

What happens to the ova when they encounter flotation solutions with a higher specific gravity?

A

They float

29
Q

What has higher specific gravity than the flotation solutions and sink

A

Fluke eggs

30
Q

What happens if the specific gravity of flotation solutions is too high?

A

It creates a plug of debris that traps parasites, obscuring them from view

31
Q

What is the specific gravity of most parasites?

A

1.100-1.200

32
Q

What is the specific gravity of most float solutions?

A

1.200-1.250

33
Q

What are the commonly used solutions?

A

Sodium nitrate
Sugar solution
Zinc sulfate

34
Q

What is the better flotation test?

A

Centrifugal flotation

35
Q

Why is centrifugal flotation the better test?

A

Recovers more eggs and cysts in less time

36
Q

What is the Baermann Technique used for?

A

To recover larvae (NOT OVA) from fecal samples

37
Q

What does the Baermann Technique require?

A

The construction of a Baermann apparatus

38
Q

What is the Baermann apparatus made up of?

A

The large funnel, tubing, collection tube

39
Q

Non-Fecal Parasite Tests

A

Cellophane tape method (4x)
Blood sample (heartworm, smears)
Skin scrape
Ear Swabs

Clinical Laboratory Techniques (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions