Urinary System Quiz

Question 1

What do the kidneys filter?

Answer 1

wastes, toxins, excess ions

Question 2

What do the kidneys regulate?

Answer 2

• Blood pressure and volume
• Blood cell synthesis
• Vitamin D (Ca+)
• Solute concentration
• pH of extracellular fluid

Question 3

What organs make up the urinary system?

Answer 3

• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Urethra

Question 4

Where are the kidneys?

Answer 4

Between T12 and L3 in the retroperitoneal

Question 5

What are the kidneys protected by?

Answer 5

Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
renal fascia

Question 6

What makes up the internal kidney anatomy?

Answer 6

Outer cortex
Inner medulla
Calyces
Renal pelvis

Question 7

What is the outer cortex of the kidney?

Answer 7

Space between the medulla and the outer capsule, contains most of the nephrons

Question 8

What is the inner medulla of the kidney?

Answer 8

Includes renal pyramids and columns, majority of the length of the nephron loops

Question 9

What are the minor calyces of the kidney?

Answer 9

surround the apex of each pyramid, urine formed in the kidney drains from renal paella into minor calyx

Question 10

What is the renal pelvis of the kidney?

Answer 10

connects the kidney with the circulatory and nervous system

Question 11

What is the order of arterial blood flow in the kidney?

Answer 11

Aorta
Renal
Segmental
Interlobar
Arcuate
Cortical radiate
Afferent
Glomerulus

Question 12

What is the order of venous blood flow in the kidney?

Answer 12

Glomerulus
Efferent
Peritubular
Cortical radiate
Arcuate
Interlobar
Renal
Inferior vena cava

Question 13

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 13

Cluster of capillaries around the end of the kidney tubule where waste products are filtered

Question 14

What is Bowman’s Capsule?

Answer 14

Double-walled, cup-shaped dilation that surrounds the glomerulus and forms the beginning of the nephron

Question 15

What is a nephron composed of?

Answer 15

Renal Corpuscle + Tubules

Question 16

What is a renal corpuscle?

Answer 16

Glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule

Question 17

What is a nephron?

Answer 17

smallest functional unit of the kidney (1 million)

Question 18

What does a nephron do?

Answer 18

filters the blood, reabsorbs substances, excretes nitrogenous waste and excess water and salts in urine

Question 19

What is a cortical nephron?

Answer 19

85% higher glomerular filtration

Question 20

What is a juxtamedullary nephron?

Answer 20

15% longer loop of Henle, vital to the concentration of urine

Question 21

What are podocytes?

Answer 21

highly specialized cells of the kidney glomerulus that wrap around capillaries and that neighbor cells of the Bowman’s capsule

Question 22

What are filtration slits?

Answer 22

spaces between the pedicels on the glomerular basement membrane through which water, glucose, amino acids, and other chemicals pass as they become renal filtrate

Question 23

What are peritubular capillaries?

Answer 23

Tiny blood vessels, supplied by the efferent arteriole.

Travel along the nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretions between blood and lumen of nephron

Question 24

What is the renal tubule made up of?

Answer 24

Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule

Question 25

What is the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 25

functions especially in the resorption of sugar, sodium and chloride ions, and water

Question 26

What is the loop of Henle?

Answer 26

recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine

Question 27

What is the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 27

sodium, potassium, and divalent cation homeostasis

Question 28

What is the basic process in a nephron?

Answer 28

the glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes

Question 29

What makes up the kidney medulla?

Answer 29

Renal columns Renal pyramids Collecting duc

Question 30

What are the renal columns?

Answer 30

a medullary extension of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramids

Question 31

What are the renal pyramids?

Answer 31

mainly of tubules that transport urine from the cortical, or outer, part of the kidney, where urine is produced, to the calyces

Question 32

What are the collecting ducts of the medulla?

Answer 32

a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis

Question 33

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 33

specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerular afferent arteriole

Question 34

What do juxtaglomerular cells do?

Answer 34

BP Filtration rate Renin secretion Thirst

Question 35

What is a macula densa?

Answer 35

Monitors Na+ of filtrate

Question 36

What is hydronephrosis?

Answer 36

Urine back flow from obstruction

Question 37

What is the trigone of the urinary bladder?

Answer 37

Smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder sensitive to expansion.

Question 38

What is the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder?

Answer 38

Smooth muscle found in the wall of the bladder, contractions during urination

Question 39

What is the urethra?

Answer 39

transports the collected/stored urine out of the body

Question 40

What is the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 40

Smooth muscle Continuous with detrusor muscle autonomic/involuntary

Question 41

What is the external urethral sphincter?

Answer 41

``` Striated muscle voluntary Females- distal inferior end Males- inferior to prostate Pudendal nerve - ventral horn( S2, 3 4) ```

Question 42

What are the makeup of urine?

Answer 42

95% Water | 5% Solutes

Question 43

What is urochrome?

Answer 43

A product of the breakdown of hemoglobin, gives urine its yellow color

Question 44

What are healthy urine contents?

Answer 44

Nitrogenous waste Electrolytes Pigment

Question 45

What are abnormal urine contents?

Answer 45

RBC WBC Glucose Keytones

Question 46

What does pale yellow/clear urine mean?

Answer 46

Healthy and hydrated

Question 47

What does bright yellow urine mean?

Answer 47

An excess of B vitamins

Question 48

What does red urine mean?

Answer 48

Blood | Beetroot/blackberries

Question 49

What does orange urine mean?

Answer 49

dehydration drugs/medication dietary factors (carrots)

Question 50

What does green urine mean?

Answer 50

``` Phenol Antidepressants Dyes Biliverdin (bile) Infection ```

Question 51

What does brown urine mean?

Answer 51

Antipsychotics Antibiotics Phenytoin Sennoside laxatives

Question 52

What does purple urine mean?

Answer 52

Porphyria

Question 53

What are the major calyces of the kidney?

Answer 53

Urine passes through the major calyx before continuing through the renal pelvis into the ureter