Respiratory Quiz

Question 1

What are the two respiratory zones?

Answer 1

Conducting and Respiratory

Question 2

What is the conducting zone? What does it consist of?

Answer 2

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. These structures form a continuous passageway for air to move in and out of the lungs.

Question 3

What is the respiratory zone? What does it consist of?

Answer 3

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, where respiration actually takes place

Question 4

What type of tissue makes up the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

Question 5

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

• warm and moisten air
• air passage
• sound resonance
• olfactory organ

Question 6

What is the nasopharynx?

Answer 6

Space behind nasal cavity

Question 7

What does the nasopharynx contain?

Answer 7

pharyngotympanic tubes

Question 8

What type of tissue makes up the nasopharynx?

Answer 8

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

Question 9

What is the oropharynx?

Answer 9

space with the uvula and soft palate

Question 10

What is the laryngopharynx?

Answer 10

where the larynx and the pharynx meet

Question 11

What is the larynx?

Answer 11

houses vocal cords, just below split of pharynx, manipulates pitch and volume

Question 12

What is the glottis?

Answer 12

opening between the vocal folds

Question 13

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 13

flap of elastic cartilage that prevents food from entering the windpipe

Question 14

What is another name for the larynx?

Answer 14

voice box

Question 15

How many cartilages make up the larynx? What are they called?

Answer 15

9 cartilages
1- thyroid
2- epiglottis
3- cricoid
4-5 arytenoid
6-7 cuneiform
8-9 corniculate

Question 16

What are arytenoid cartilages vital to the vocal cords?

Answer 16

The vocal cords themselves are attached there at one end

Question 17

What is the trachea?

Answer 17

windpipe supported by C-shaped cartilages and tracheal muscle, splits into the bronchi

Question 18

What type of tissue makes up the trachea?

Answer 18

pseudo stratified ciliated epithelium

Question 19

What are the divisions of the bronchi?

Answer 19

• Bronchi outside of lungs
• Lobar bronchi
• Segmental bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Terminal bronchioles
• Alveolar duct
• Alveoli

Question 20

How do respiratory tubes change as they get smaller?

Answer 20

Cartilage decreases and muscle increases

Question 21

What types of tissue do respiratory tissue when they get smaller?

Answer 21

1-Epithelium
2-Pseudostratified columnar
3-Columnar
4-Cuboidal
5-Squamous

Question 22

What are alveoli?

Answer 22

Air sacs where gasses are exchanged

Question 23

What cells make up the alveoli?

Answer 23

Type 1 squamous

Type 2 cuboidal

Question 24

What is the difference between the left and right lung?

Answer 24

Left has 2 lobes, 10 BP

Right has 3 lobes, 10 BP

Question 25

What are the two stages of pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 25

Inspiration and Expiration

Question 26

How does inspiration work?

Answer 26

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and create negative pressure(-1 mm Hg) which pulls air into the lungs

Question 27

How does expiration work?

Answer 27

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and increases pressure(+1 mm Hg) which pushes air out of the lungs

Question 28

How is oxygen transported in the body?

Answer 28

98% bound to Hb within RBCs | 2% dissolved in plasma

Question 29

What is the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport?

Answer 29

Each Hb molecule binds four oxygen atoms known as oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), when they release oxygen its called deoxyhemoglobin (HHb)

Question 30

How is carbon dioxide transported in the body?

Answer 30

70% as bicarbonate ion in plasma 7-10% dissolved in plasma Chemically bound to Hb

Question 31

How does carbon dioxide effect blood pH?

Answer 31

Creates a carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system: excess H+ is removed with HCO3- and if there is less H+ carbonic acid dissociates to release more

Question 32

What is an obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer 32

increased airway resistance: | asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD, emphysema

Question 33

What is a restrictive pulmonary disease?

Answer 33

reduction in total lung capacity, progressive and worsen over time: Pneumonia and tuberculosis

Question 34

What is hypoxemia?

Answer 34

low oxygen levels in the blood, COPD, anemia, respiratory failure

Question 35

What is hypoxia?

Answer 35

reduced oxygen levels the body tissues

Question 36

What is pleurisy?

Answer 36

inflamed pleura, sharp chest pain that is worse when breathing

Question 37

How is pleurisy caused?

Answer 37

bacterial infections, viruses, fungus

Question 38

What is pneumonia?

Answer 38

Infection in one or both lungs, inflammation of alveoli which fill with pus–leading cause of hospitalizations

Question 39

How is pneumonia caused?

Answer 39

bacteria, viruses, fungi

Question 40

What is asthma?

Answer 40

Airway inflammation as an immune response in an allergic reaction, worse when airways are thickened (smoking)

Question 41

What is tuberculosis?

Answer 41

Infectious disease (bacteria), 1/3 of the globe, can be latent

Question 42

What is COPD?

Answer 42

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (degraded alveoli)– tends to result from pollution/smoking

Question 43

What are the three most common types of lung cancer?

Answer 43

squamous cell carcinoma (20-40%) adenocarcinoma (25-35%) small cell carcinoma (20-25%)

Question 44

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 44

arises in bronchial epithelium

Question 45

What is adenocarcinoma?

Answer 45

originates in peripheral lung area

Question 46

What is small cell carcinoma?

Answer 46

contains lymphocyte-like cells that originate in the primary bronchi and metastasize

Question 47

What is Type 1 squamous?

Answer 47

Make up the walls of the alveoli, thin, flat, form alveoli structure

Question 48

What is Type 2 cuboidal?

Answer 48

Scattered on alveoli, release surfactant, lower surface tension, can differentiate and replace damaged Type 1 cells

Question 49

What is spirometry?

Answer 49

measure how much air you inhale, how much you exhale and how quickly you exhale, used to diagnose asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)