Endocrine System

Question 1

What are the two types of endocrine organs?

Answer 1

Glands and Nervous tissue

Question 2

What are hormones?

Answer 2

Molecules that influence the activities of cells

Question 3

What are the two categories of hormones?

Answer 3

Steroid hormones

Nonsteroid hormones

Question 4

What are target cells?

Answer 4

The specific cells effected by a certain hormone

Question 5

What is hormonal stimuli?

Answer 5

Tropins or tropic hormones target other endocrine glands

Question 6

Where are most tropic hormones secreted?

Answer 6

Anterior pituitary

Question 7

What tropic hormone is produced by the hypothalamus?

Answer 7

Anterior Pituitary hormones

Question 8

What tropic hormone is produced by the thyroid?

Answer 8

(Thyroxine) Hypothalamus hormone

Question 9

What do neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus do?

Answer 9

produce the hormones Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin (OXT)

Question 10

What are RHs and IHs?

Answer 10

whose main purpose is to control the release of other hormones

Question 11

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 11

ventral part of diencephalon

Question 12

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 12

Neural and endocrine system connection

Question 13

What does the hypothalamus make?

Answer 13

RH
IH
ADH
OT

Question 14

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 14

controls metabolism, growth, sexual maturation, reproduction, blood pressure and many other vital physical functions

Question 15

What does the anterior pituitary gland do?

Answer 15

Synthesize and release hormones

Question 16

What does the posterior pituitary gland do?

Answer 16

Release hormones

Question 17

What does the anterior pituitary gland produce?

Answer 17

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone
Prolactin
Growth Hormone

Question 18

What does the posterior pituitary gland release?

Answer 18

Antidiuretic Hormone

Oxytocin

Question 19

What does TSH do?

Answer 19

Stimulates thyroid glands to produce T3 and T4, which increase metabolism

Question 20

What does ACTH do?

Answer 20

stimulates the production of cortisol

Question 21

What does cortisol do?

Answer 21

increases sugars (glucose) in the bloodstream, enhances your brain’s use of glucose and increases the availability of substances that repair tissues. Cortisol also curbs functions that would be nonessential or detrimental in a fight-or-flight situation

Question 22

What does GnRH do?

Answer 22

causes the pituitary gland in the brain to make and secrete the hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 23

What does FSH do?

Answer 23

control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries
control the production of sperm

Question 24

What does LH do?

Answer 24

helps control the menstrual cycle. It also triggers the release of an egg from the ovary
causes the testicles to make testosterone

Question 25

What does prolactin do?

Answer 25

causes the breasts to grow and make milk during pregnancy and after birth

Question 26

What does GH do?

Answer 26

stimulates the growth of bone and cartilage.boosts protein production, promotes the utilization of fat, interferes with insulin, and raises blood sugar

Question 27

What are IGFs

Answer 27

stimulate growth but that also possess some ability to decrease blood glucose levels.

Question 28

What does ADH do?

Answer 28

control blood pressure by acting on the kidneys and the blood vessels

Question 29

What does are the effects of oxytocin?

Answer 29

contraction of the womb (uterus) during childbirth and lactation

Question 30

What does TH do?

Answer 30

affects metabolic rates of body cells, blood conc of calcium and phosphate

Question 31

What does Calcitonin do?

Answer 31

Effect - Decreases blood calcium Increases bone calcium deposition Antagonist- PTH Stimulus – recent meal, etc

Question 32

What does PTH do?

Answer 32

prevents low Calcium Bones- releases Ca to blood Intestines- more Ca absorption Kidneys- stops releasing Ca

Question 33

What does the adrenal cortex do?

Answer 33

Has three zones which secrete different hormones

Question 34

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 34

helps control blood pressure

Question 35

What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 35

zona glomerulosa zona fasciculata zona reticularis

Question 36

What does the Zona glomerulosa do?

Answer 36

aldosterone mineralocorticoid increase blood volume/pressure

Question 37

What does the Zona fasciculata do?

Answer 37

negative feedback cortisol glucose metabolism immunity and stress

Question 38

What does the Zona reticularis do?

Answer 38

inner zone | sex hormones

Question 39

What is the adrenal medulla?

Answer 39

inner part of adrenal gland, fight or flight response

Question 40

What does epinephrine do?

Answer 40

Secreted in response to low blood sugar, adrenaline

Question 41

What does norepinephrine do?

Answer 41

Narrows blood vessels and raises BP

Question 42

What are the exocrine functions of the pancreas?

Answer 42

Produces digestive juices to help digest food and absorb nutrients

Question 43

What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?

Answer 43

secretes and releases hormones, including insulin to help process sugar in foods.

Question 44

What are the two cell types in the pancreas?

Answer 44

alpha (glucagon) and beta (insulin) cells

Question 45

What does glucagon do?

Answer 45

increases blood glucose levels

Question 46

What does insulin do?

Answer 46

decreases blood sugar levels

Question 47

What are the functions of the ovaries?

Answer 47

produce oocytes (eggs) for fertilisation and they produce the reproductive hormones, oestrogen and progesterone

Question 48

What are the functions of the testes?

Answer 48

Produce sperm and testosterone

Question 49

What does the pineal gland do?

Answer 49

receive information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment and convey this information to produce and secrete the hormone melatonin

Question 50

What does melatonin do?

Answer 50

helps with the timing of your circadian rhythms (24-hour internal clock) and with sleep

Question 51

What does the thymus do?

Answer 51

Specialized lymphoid organ of the immune system, T-Cells

Question 52

What are paracrine hormones?

Answer 52

participate in regulating immune cell transformation

Question 53

What does progesterone do?

Answer 53

prepares the endometrium for the potential of pregnancy after ovulation

Question 54

What does leptin do?

Answer 54

appetite and weight control

Question 55

What does angiotensin do?

Answer 55

causes blood vessels to become narrower