Nervous Physiology 2

Question 1

What are precursors?

Answer 1

simple amino acids from the diet that help build NTs

Question 2

What are the NT categories based on chemistry?

Answer 2

CAMP
Cholines
Amino acids
Monoamines (biogenic amines)
Peptides

Question 3

What are the NT categories based on function?

Answer 3

Excitatory NT - create EPSP
Inhibitory NT - create IPSP
(many have both)

Question 4

What are monamines?

Answer 4

Most extensive set of NT that are modified amino acids

Question 5

What are the catecholamines?

Answer 5

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine

Question 6

What is histamine?

Answer 6

Crucial role in wound healing and allergies

Question 7

What is serotonin?

Answer 7

Regulates stress and emotions like anxiety, depression, memory

Question 8

What are adrenergic nerves?

Answer 8

Those that produce monamines

Question 9

What are examples of amino acid NTs?

Answer 9

GABA
Glycine
Glutamine

Question 10

What is glutamate?

Answer 10

excitatory NT, essential in learning and long term memory

Question 11

What is GABA?

Answer 11

most abundant inhibitory NT in the brain, regulates neuronal activity, anxiety, sleep

Question 12

What is glycine?

Answer 12

inhibitory NT, inhibition of antagonistic muscles in spinal reflexes

Question 13

What are peptide NTs?

Answer 13

Short-chain amino acids, mostly function in pain, emotion, food intake

Question 14

Where is peptide NT synthesized?

Answer 14

Rough ER, transported in its own vesicle down the axon to the terminal

Question 15

Where are other NTs synthesized?

Answer 15

Cytoplasm of nerve cell terminal and stored in vesicles

Question 16

Where are choline-based NTs made?

Answer 16

Synthesized in neurons from choline and acetyl CoA

Question 17

How do Choline based NTs function?

Answer 17

act on the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

Question 18

What is acetylcholine?

Answer 18

First NT to be identified, most studied, both excites and inhibits

Question 19

How does acetylcholine affect Alzheimer’s?

Answer 19

Inadequate amount found in people that have Alzheimer’s

Question 20

When do dreams occur?

Answer 20

during REM sleep when ACh levels are high

Question 21

What do agonist drugs do?

Answer 21

enhance NTs

Question 22

What do antagonistic drugs do?

Answer 22

block/inhibit NT activity

Question 23

What do impaired GABA receptors do?

Answer 23

cause anxiety, panic attacks, seizures, Parkinson’s

Question 24

What is another name for glutamate?

Answer 24

MSG

Question 25

What do impaired glutamate receptors do?

Answer 25

result in intellectual disabilities, Alzheimer's, ALS

Question 26

What is serotonin made from?

Answer 26

tryptophan

Question 27

What does serotonin effect?

Answer 27

emotion, sleep, appetite, mood, and perception

Question 28

What does Prozac do?

Answer 28

prevents reuptake (SSRI), same as warm milk

Question 29

What does norepinephrine do?

Answer 29

involved in fight-or-flight, agonistic drugs enhance it, it effects attention, concentration, control of temp, and pituitary gland

Question 30

What does dopamine do?

Answer 30

inhibitory or excitatory, please and elation, key to addiction, inadequate levels can lead to ADHD and Parkinson's

Question 31

What is a ganglion?

Answer 31

cluster of nerves in the PNS

Question 32

What are sympathetic fiber?

Answer 32

adrenergic

Question 33

What are parasympathetic fibers?

Answer 33

cholinergic

Question 34

What is the only autonomic transmitter that is NE?

Answer 34

Post Sympathetic

Question 35

What are monosynaptic reflex arcs?

Answer 35

arcs made of only two neurons

Question 36

What does an autonomic reflex arc do?

Answer 36

affect organs

Question 37

What does a somatic reflex arc do?

Answer 37

affect muscles