Nervous Physiology 2 Flashcards
What are precursors?
simple amino acids from the diet that help build NTs
What are the NT categories based on chemistry?
CAMP Cholines Amino acids Monoamines (biogenic amines) Peptides
What are the NT categories based on function?
Excitatory NT - create EPSP
Inhibitory NT - create IPSP
(many have both)
What are monamines?
Most extensive set of NT that are modified amino acids
What are the catecholamines?
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
What is histamine?
Crucial role in wound healing and allergies
What is serotonin?
Regulates stress and emotions like anxiety, depression, memory
What are adrenergic nerves?
Those that produce monamines
What are examples of amino acid NTs?
GABA
Glycine
Glutamine
What is glutamate?
excitatory NT, essential in learning and long term memory
What is GABA?
most abundant inhibitory NT in the brain, regulates neuronal activity, anxiety, sleep
What is glycine?
inhibitory NT, inhibition of antagonistic muscles in spinal reflexes
What are peptide NTs?
Short-chain amino acids, mostly function in pain, emotion, food intake
Where is peptide NT synthesized?
Rough ER, transported in its own vesicle down the axon to the terminal
Where are other NTs synthesized?
Cytoplasm of nerve cell terminal and stored in vesicles
Where are choline-based NTs made?
Synthesized in neurons from choline and acetyl CoA
How do Choline based NTs function?
act on the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
What is acetylcholine?
First NT to be identified, most studied, both excites and inhibits
How does acetylcholine affect Alzheimer’s?
Inadequate amount found in people that have Alzheimer’s
When do dreams occur?
during REM sleep when ACh levels are high
What do agonist drugs do?
enhance NTs
What do antagonistic drugs do?
block/inhibit NT activity
What do impaired GABA receptors do?
cause anxiety, panic attacks, seizures, Parkinson’s
What is another name for glutamate?
MSG
What do impaired glutamate receptors do?
result in intellectual disabilities, Alzheimer’s, ALS
What is serotonin made from?
tryptophan
What does serotonin effect?
emotion, sleep, appetite, mood, and perception
What does Prozac do?
prevents reuptake (SSRI), same as warm milk
What does norepinephrine do?
involved in fight-or-flight, agonistic drugs enhance it, it effects attention, concentration, control of temp, and pituitary gland
What does dopamine do?
inhibitory or excitatory, please and elation, key to addiction, inadequate levels can lead to ADHD and Parkinson’s
What is a ganglion?
cluster of nerves in the PNS
What are sympathetic fiber?
adrenergic
What are parasympathetic fibers?
cholinergic
What is the only autonomic transmitter that is NE?
Post Sympathetic
What are monosynaptic reflex arcs?
arcs made of only two neurons
What does an autonomic reflex arc do?
affect organs
What does a somatic reflex arc do?
affect muscles